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A process for creating surface microporosity on a titanium (or other metal) medical device includes creating a surface oxide layer on the device; placing the device, which is connected to a negative terminal of an electrical power supply, into a calcium chloride bath; connecting the positive termina

A process for creating surface microporosity on a titanium (or other metal) medical device includes creating a surface oxide layer on the device; placing the device, which is connected to a negative terminal of an electrical power supply, into a calcium chloride bath; connecting the positive terminal of the power supply to an anode immersed in or containing calcium chloride thereby forming an electrolytic cell; passing current through the cell; removing the device from the bath; and cooling and rinsing the device to remove any surface salt. If necessary, the device is etched to remove metal oxide which may have formed during the cooling process. The resulting device has a microporous surface structure. Alternatively, only a designated surface portion of a medical device is made microporous, either by applying a non-oxidizing mask, removing a portion of the oxide layer, or subtracting a portion of a microporous surface.

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A process for creating surface microporosity on a titanium (or other metal) medical device includes creating a surface oxide layer on the device; placing the device, which is connected to a negative terminal of an electrical power supply, into a calcium chloride bath; connecting the positive termina

A process for creating surface microporosity on a titanium (or other metal) medical device includes creating a surface oxide layer on the device; placing the device, which is connected to a negative terminal of an electrical power supply, into a calcium chloride bath; connecting the positive terminal of the power supply to an anode immersed in or containing calcium chloride thereby forming an electrolytic cell; passing current through the cell; removing the device from the bath; and cooling and rinsing the device to remove any surface salt. If necessary, the device is etched to remove metal oxide which may have formed during the cooling process. The resulting device has a microporous surface structure. Alternatively, only a designated surface portion of a medical device is made microporous, either by applying a non-oxidizing mask, removing a portion of the oxide layer, or subtracting a portion of a microporous surface. od Flow Promotion", Stroke, vol. 27, No. 1, Jan. 1996, pp. 105-113. Marion, D. et al., "Resuscitative hypothermia", Crit. Care Med., vol. 24, No. 2 (Suppl.), Feb. 1996, pp. S81-S89. Rosomoff, H. et al., "Resuscitation from severe brain trauma", Crit. Care Med., vol. 24, No. 2 (Suppl.), Feb. 1996, pp. S48-S56. Markarian, G. et al., "Mild Hypothermia: Therapeutic Window after Experimental Cerebral Ischemia", Neurosurgery, vol. 38, No. 3, Mar. 1996, pp. 542-551. Hoffman, W. et al., "Effects of graded Hypothermia on Outcome from Brain Ischemia", Neurological Research, vol. 18, No. 2, Apr. 1996, pp. 185-189. Schwartz, A. et al., "Isolated Cerebral Hypothermia by Single Carotid Artery Perfusion of Extracorporeally Cooled Blood in Baboons", Neurosurgery, vol. 39, No. 3, Sep. 1996, pp. 577-582. Metz, C. et al., "Moderate Hypothermia in Patients with Severe Head Injury: Cerebral and Extracerebral Effects", Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 85, No. 4, Oct. 1996, pp. 533-541. Barone, F. et al., "Brain Cooling During Transient Focal Ischemia Provides Complete Neuroprotection", Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 31-44 (1997). Tisherman, S. et al., "Future Directions for Resuscitation Research. V. Ultra-advanced Life Support", Resuscitation, vol. 34, (1997), pp. 281-293. Colbourne, F. et al., "Postischemic Hypothermia: A Critical Appraisal with Implications for Clinical Treatment", Molecular Neurobiology, vol. 14, No. 3, Jun. 1997, pp. 171-201. Jessen, C. et al., "Intravascular Heat Exchanger for Conscious Goats", Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, vol. 368, (1977) pp. 263-265. A Technique for The Production of Hypothermia: Prelim. Report Charles B. Ripstein, MD, et al.: Dept of Surgery, Maimonides Hospital and State Univ.