초록 ▼

The present invention provides a reverse flow cyclone separator including a container closed at one end, a component for introducing a fluid mixture swirling about an-axis at a region of the container remote from said end, a barrier between said region and said end, the barrier having a surface faci

The present invention provides a reverse flow cyclone separator including a container closed at one end, a component for introducing a fluid mixture swirling about an-axis at a region of the container remote from said end, a barrier between said region and said end, the barrier having a surface facing the introducing component and extending towards the outer wall of the container leaving a gap therebetween, and an outlet for lighter phases of the mixture, the outlet opening from the region, the barrier having an outer perimeter which extends in the axial direction a distance not less than the radial extent of the gap. Since the outlet opens from the region, the flow of fluid from the fluid introducing component to the outlet is not obstructed by the barrier and does not pass through the gap.

대표청구항 ▼

The present invention provides a reverse flow cyclone separator including a container closed at one end, a component for introducing a fluid mixture swirling about an-axis at a region of the container remote from said end, a barrier between said region and said end, the barrier having a surface faci

The present invention provides a reverse flow cyclone separator including a container closed at one end, a component for introducing a fluid mixture swirling about an-axis at a region of the container remote from said end, a barrier between said region and said end, the barrier having a surface facing the introducing component and extending towards the outer wall of the container leaving a gap therebetween, and an outlet for lighter phases of the mixture, the outlet opening from the region, the barrier having an outer perimeter which extends in the axial direction a distance not less than the radial extent of the gap. Since the outlet opens from the region, the flow of fluid from the fluid introducing component to the outlet is not obstructed by the barrier and does not pass through the gap. oup consisting of phosphorus, boron, and silicon, wherein the zeolite contains within said porous network at least one element of group VB. 2. A catalyst according to claim 1, in which the zeolite is a Y zeolite or a beta zeolite. 3. A catalyst according to claim 1, in which the zeolite is at least in part dealuminated. 4. A catalyst according to claim 1, in which the zeolite also contains in said porous network at least one element of group VIII and/or group VIB. 5. A catalyst according to claim 4, in which at least one element of group VIB and at least one element of group VIII are deposited on the catalyst. 6. A catalyst according to claim 1, in which the matrix is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica and silica-alumina. 7. A catalyst according to claim 1, further comprising at least one element of group VIIA. 8. A catalyst according to claim 1, in which the metal of group VB is niobium. 9. A catalyst according to claim 1 that contains in % by weight of the catalyst: 0.1 to 98.8% of zeolite 1 to 99.7% of matrix, 0.1 to 40% of at least one element of group VB (% by weight of oxide) 0 to 40% of at least one element of group VIB (% by weight of oxide) 0 to 30% of at least one element of group VIII (% by weight of oxide) above 0 to at most 20% (% by weight of oxide) of at least one promoter element that is selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, boron, and silicon and in which the zeolite contains in its porous network (in % by weight of the zeolite): 0.1 to 10% of at least one element of group VB (% by weight of oxide) 0 to 10% of at least one element of group VIII and/or VIB (% by weight of oxide). 10. A catalyst according to claim 9, wherein the zeolite is a Y-zeolite, and the at least one element of group VB comprises niobium. 11. A catalyst according to claim 1, prepared by: a) introducing into the zeolite at least one element of group VB and optionally at least one element of group VIII and/or VIB b) mixing the zeolite with the matrix and shaping the resultant mixture to obtain a substrate; c) introducing at least one promoter element by impregnation and introducing said element with hydrogenating activity into the matrix or onto the substrate by at least one of the following methods in order to obtain a final product: adding at least one compound of said element during the shaping so as to introduce at least a portion of said element, impregnating the substrate with at least one compound of said element or calcining the substrate and conducting an ion exchange on the calcined substrate with a solution of at least one compound of group VIII d) drying and calcining of the final product and optionally drying and/or calcining intermediate products obtained at the end of stages a) or b) or after an impregnation in stage (c). 12. A catalyst according to claim 11, which has been subjected to sulfurization to transform metallic components at least partly into sulfides. 13. In a process comprising reacting a hydrocarbon in contact with a catalyst, the improvement wherein the catalyst is the catalyst of claim 1. 14. A process according to claim 13 for hydrorefining or hydrocracking hydrocarbon fractions. 15. A process according to claim 14 wherein the hydrocracking is conducted at a temperature of at least 230° C., a pressure greater than 2 MPa and less than or equal to 12 MPa, an amount of hydrogen of at least 100 normal liters per liter of feedstock, and an hourly volumetric flow rate of 0.1-10 h-1. 16. A process according to claim 15, in which the pressure is 7.5 to 11 MPa. 17. A process according to claim 14, in which the pressure is at least 8.5 MPa, in which the temperature is at least 230° C., the amount of hydrogen is at least 100 normal liters per liter of feedstock, and the hourly volumetric flow rate is 0.15-10 h-1. 18. In a process comprising reacting a hydrocarbon in contact with a catalyst, the improvement wherein the catalyst is the catalyst of claim 8. 19. In a p rocess comprising reacting a hydrocarbon in contact with a catalyst, the improvement wherein the catalyst is the catalyst of claim 9. 20. In a process comprising reacting a hydrocarbon in contact with a catalyst, the improvement wherein the catalyst is the catalyst of claim 10. 21. In a process comprising reacting a hydrocarbon in contact with a catalyst, the improvement wherein the catalyst is the catalyst of claim 11. 22. In a process comprising reacting a hydrocarbon in contact with a catalyst, the improvement wherein the catalyst is the catalyst of claim 12. sing system of claim 1, wherein the coil center of the ICP coil is grounded. 14. The plasma processing system of claim 1, wherein the ICP coil surrounds the reactor, in such a way that the coil ends exhibit a maximal distance to the reactor. 15. The plasma processing system of claim 1, wherein the ICP coil surrounds the reactor, which is a circular ceramic vessel, in such a way that the coil ends exhibit a maximal distance to the reactor. 16. The plasma processing system of claim 4, wherein the ICP coil surrounds the reactor, in such a way that the coil ends exhibit a maximal distance to the reactor. 17. The plasma processing system of claim 4, wherein the ICP coil surrounds the reactor, which is a circular ceramic vessel, in such a way that the coil ends exhibit a maximal distance to the reactor. 18. The plasma processing system of claim 1, wherein the substrate and/or the ICP coil are arranged so as to provide maximum distance between the substrate and the ICP coil perpendicularly to the coil plane. 19. The plasma processing system of claim 1, wherein a circular, metallic spacer is inserted in the reactor side wall between the highly dense plasma, produced in the reactor as a plasma source, and the substrate.