초록 ▼

Pump and cannula systems inserted through the right side and/or left side of the heart provide protection against collapse of the heart chambers and veins and arteries and provide supplemental blood flow through same to enable beating heart bypass surgery on all vessels of the heart, including later

Pump and cannula systems inserted through the right side and/or left side of the heart provide protection against collapse of the heart chambers and veins and arteries and provide supplemental blood flow through same to enable beating heart bypass surgery on all vessels of the heart, including lateral and posterior vessels. The invention eliminates the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) machines. The invention further provides stents adapted for protecting from vein, artery, atrium and/or ventricle collapse during beating heart bypass surgery.

대표청구항 ▼

Pump and cannula systems inserted through the right side and/or left side of the heart provide protection against collapse of the heart chambers and veins and arteries and provide supplemental blood flow through same to enable beating heart bypass surgery on all vessels of the heart, including later

Pump and cannula systems inserted through the right side and/or left side of the heart provide protection against collapse of the heart chambers and veins and arteries and provide supplemental blood flow through same to enable beating heart bypass surgery on all vessels of the heart, including lateral and posterior vessels. The invention eliminates the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) machines. 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The method for calculating the phase in a patient's respiratory cycle as a continuous variable of claim 1 in which one of said fuzzy inference rules is that if the calculated measure of respiratory airflow is large negative and steady, then the phase is peak-expiration. 7. The method for calculating the phase in a patient's respiratory cycle as a continuous variable of claim 1 in which one of said fuzzy inference rules is that if the calculated measure of respiratory airflow is zero and steady, then the phase is late-expiration. 8. The method for calculating the phase in a patient's respiratory cycle as a continuous variable of claim 1 in which at least two of the fuzzy inference rules are characterized by: constructing a prototypical expected flow-vs-time waveform f(t), identifying N features Fi,i=1 to N, of the flow-vs-time waveform f(t), for each feature Fidetermining the phase φiin the respiratory cycle that is characteristic of said feature, for each feature Fidefining a fuzzy set Miwhose membership function is a function of respiratory airflow, and a fuzzy set Ciwhose membership function is a function of a measure of the rate of change of said instantaneous respiratory airflow, chosen such that the fuzzy intersection MiAND Ciwill be larger for points on the prototypical expected waveform whose phases are characteristic of said feature Fithan for points closer to all of the other identified features, and setting the fuzzy inference rule Rifor the identified feature Fito be that if flow is MiAND rate of change of flow is Cithen phase=φi. 9. The method for calculating the phase in a patient's respiratory cycle as a continuous variable of claim 8 wherein the identified features include zero crossings, peaks, inflection points, or plateaus of the prototypical expected flow-vs-time waveform. 10. The method for calculating the phase in a patient's respiratory cycle as a continuous variable of claim 1 in which a first rule is that the rate of change of phase is equal to the patient's expected respiratory rate, and other rules are based on the phase being a function of the instantaneous respiratory airflow, and the weighting of the first rule relative to the other rules is increased in the case of a high leak. 11. The method for calculating the phase in a patient's respiratory cycle as a continuous variable of claim 1 in which a first rule is that the rate of change of phase is equal to the patient's expected respiratory rate, and other rules are based on the phase being a function of the instantaneous respiratory airflow, and the weighting of the first rule relative to the other rules is increased in the case of a rapidly changing leak. 12. The method for calculating the phase in a patient's respiratory cycle as a continuous variable of claim 1 in which a first rule is that the rate of change of phase is equal to the patient's expected respiratory rate, and other rules are based on the phase being a function of the instantaneous respiratory airflow, and the weighting of the first rule relative to the other rules is increased in the case where the patient is breathing less than a specified target ventilation. 13. The method for calculating the phase in a patient's respiratory cycle as a continuous variable of claim 1 in which one rule is that if flow is zero and steady, then the phase is late expiration, and the weighting of said rule relative to the other rules is decreased when the patient is breathing less than a specified target ventilation. 14. The method for calculating the phase in a patient's respiratory cycle as a conti