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A structure for retaining an optical fiber, capable of not only handling a long optical fiber as one piece without causing the optical fiber as a whole to get loose but also reducing an area occupied by the optical fiber and retaining the same stably without causing micro-bending thereof to occur, w

A structure for retaining an optical fiber, capable of not only handling a long optical fiber as one piece without causing the optical fiber as a whole to get loose but also reducing an area occupied by the optical fiber and retaining the same stably without causing micro-bending thereof to occur, wherein the optical fiber (1) is arranged so as to form planarly staggered turning portions thereof without causing intersecting parts to occur, a plurality of similar planarly staggered turning portions of the optical fiber being laminated in the same position in the direction of the thickness thereof which is at right angles to a plane on which the optical fiber is arranged, the resultant optical fiber (1) being generally retained in a sheet-like state by a fixing material (2), such as a bonding agent and a film.

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A structure for retaining an optical fiber, capable of not only handling a long optical fiber as one piece without causing the optical fiber as a whole to get loose but also reducing an area occupied by the optical fiber and retaining the same stably without causing micro-bending thereof to occur, w

A structure for retaining an optical fiber, capable of not only handling a long optical fiber as one piece without causing the optical fiber as a whole to get loose but also reducing an area occupied by the optical fiber and retaining the same stably without causing micro-bending thereof to occur, wherein the optical fiber (1) is arranged so as to form planarly staggered turning portions thereof without causing intersecting parts to occur, a plurality of similar planarly staggered turning portions of the optical fiber being laminated in the same position in the direction of the thickness thereof which is at right angles to a plane on which the optical fiber is arranged, the resultant optical fiber (1) being generally retained in a sheet-like state by a fixing material (2), such as a bonding agent and a film. us, for modulating an intermediate-frequency carrier responsive to said estimate of the modulating signal actually used for transmitting said modulated signal as currently received, thereby to generate said ideal values of said digitized intermediate-frequency signal; and decision-feedback error-detection circuitry included within said equalizer control apparatus for differentially comparing said digitized intermediate-frequency signal as included in delayed said equalizer response with said ideal values of said digitized intermediate-frequency signal to generate said comparison results. 3. The combination of claim 1, wherein said modulated signal has recurrent portions that transmit a prescribed training signal, and wherein said equalizer control apparatus comprises: a register for storing portions of said modulated signal as translated to said final intermediate-frequency band and extracted from said digitized final intermediate-frequency signal during said recurrent portions of said modulated signal that transmit said prescribed training signal, which stored portions are modulated in accordance with said prescribed training signal and are accompanied at times by multipath distortion; and computation apparatus for calculating the discrete Fourier transform of said portions of said modulated signal as translated to said final intermediate-frequency band and stored in said register with any accompanying multipath distortion thereof, dividing that said discrete Fourier transform by the discrete Fourier transform of multipath-free prescribed training signal to obtain a discrete Fourier transform characterizing the channel through which said modulated signal is received, and calculating the adjustable filter coefficients of said adaptive digital filtering from said discrete Fourier transform characterizing said channel through which said modulated signal is received. 4. In a radio receiver for receiving a modulated signal, which modulated signal is transmitted from a transmitter, said modulated signal being in a channel of a prescribed bandwidth, a combination comprising: means for down-converting a frequency of a modulated signal to a final intermediate-frequency band; analog-to-digital conversion circuitry for digitizing samples of said modulated signal as translated to said final intermediate-frequency band, thereby to generate a digitized final intermediate-frequency signal; an equalizer including adaptive digital filtering with adjustable filter coefficients, connected for supplying an equalizer response to said digitized final intermediate-frequency signal; a demodulator for demodulating said equalizer response to said modulated signal as translated to said intermediate-frequency band and digitized, thereby to provide demodulation results; circuitry responsive to said demodulation results for generating an estimate of the actual modulating signal used in the transmitted signal; a modulator for modulating a locally generated carrier in accorda