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A bearing mounting system and method that reduces vibration using a singular annular elastomeric member contained in a substantially enclosed area that includes open area free of elastomeric material. A bearing raceway surface and an adjacent support surface are spaced apart by a predetermined radia

A bearing mounting system and method that reduces vibration using a singular annular elastomeric member contained in a substantially enclosed area that includes open area free of elastomeric material. A bearing raceway surface and an adjacent support surface are spaced apart by a predetermined radial gap. The enclosed cross-sectional area is bounded by features on the bearing raceway surface and the supporting surface that could be either the rotating roll or a support shaft. The enclosed area has a depth and a width and includes the radial gap. The viscoelastic deformation of the elastomeric member contained in this enclosed area in conjunction with the amount of open area in the enclosed area, provides a dual stiffness system that reduces or eliminates the excessive vibration that occurs in chucks for textile fiber windups or similar systems, when there is relative movement to reduce the radial gap and the enclosed area containing the radial gap.

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A bearing mounting system and method that reduces vibration using a singular annular elastomeric member contained in a substantially enclosed area that includes open area free of elastomeric material. A bearing raceway surface and an adjacent support surface are spaced apart by a predetermined radia

A bearing mounting system and method that reduces vibration using a singular annular elastomeric member contained in a substantially enclosed area that includes open area free of elastomeric material. A bearing raceway surface and an adjacent support surface are spaced apart by a predetermined radial gap. The enclosed cross-sectional area is bounded by features on the bearing raceway surface and the supporting surface that could be either the rotating roll or a support shaft. The enclosed area has a depth and a width and includes the radial gap. The viscoelastic deformation of the elastomeric member contained in this enclosed area in conjunction with the amount of open area in the enclosed area, provides a dual stiffness system that reduces or eliminates the excessive vibration that occurs in chucks for textile fiber windups or similar systems, when there is relative movement to reduce the radial gap and the enclosed area containing the radial gap. thetic sapphire. 15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the sapphire sheath comprises an open end portion and a plug portion. 16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the open end portion and the plug portion comprise synthetic sapphire. 17. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein distal ends of a pair of thermocouple wires are bent to a radially outward biased configuration to facilitate a snug fit between the sapphire sheath and the thermocouple. 18. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising an inner protection tube inside the outer protection tube, the inner protection tube being receptive of the thermocouple and sapphire sheath. 19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the inner protection tube comprises alumina. 20. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the inner protection tube comprises synthetic sapphire. 21. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein platinum foil is wrapped around the thermocouple to provide a snug fit between the sapphire sheath and the thermocouple. 22. A thermocouple system for use in a gasification system comprising: a thermocouple, the thermocouple comprising a pair of wires of dissimilar metal joined together at one end by a hot junction and at the other end by a cold junction but otherwise electrically insulated by an insulating tube; a thermocouple inner protection tube receptive of the pair of wires and the insulating tube; and a thermocouple outer protection tube, wherein the outer protection tube comprises a composite reinforced with sapphire fibers. 23. The thermocouple system of claim 22 wherein the inner protection tube comprises sapphire. 24. The thermocouple system of claim 22 further comprising a sapphire sheath receptive of the distal end of the thermocouple. 25. The thermocouple system of claim 22 wherein the insulating tube comprises alumina. 26. The thermocouple system of claim 22 wherein the inner protection tube comprises alumina. 27. The thermocouple system of claim 22 further comprising a support tube connected to the outer protection tube, the support tube extending into a gasification reactor. 28. The thermocouple system of claim 22 wherein the temperatures to be measured range from about 1,300° F. to about 3,000° F. 29. The thermocouple system of claim 22 wherein the pair of wires are comprised of platinum, rhodium, or mixtures thereof. 30. A method of measuring temperatures in a gasification process using a thermocouple, the method comprising the steps of: providing a thermocouple comprising a pair of wires of dissimilar metal joined together at one end by a hot junction and at the other end by a cold junction but otherwise electrically insulated from each other by an insulating tube; providing an outer protection tube comprising composite reinforced with sapphire fibers, said outer protection tube connected to a support tube; inserting the outer protection tube and support tube into a gasification reactor; and inserting the thermocouple into the outer protection tube.