A reagent dispensing valve particularly adapted for dispensing precise microfluidic quantities of fluids. The valve includes a valve portion and a solenoid actuator that are in fluid isolation from one another. The valve portion includes a plunger and seat combination and the actuator is substantial
A reagent dispensing valve particularly adapted for dispensing precise microfluidic quantities of fluids. The valve includes a valve portion and a solenoid actuator that are in fluid isolation from one another. The valve portion includes a plunger and seat combination and the actuator is substantially decoupled from the fluid path through the valve. The fluid path through the valve is substantially non-tortuous, thereby minimizing localized fluid pressure drops, and hence undesirable gaseous bubble precipitation within the fluid. The valve is also configured to substantially prevent bubble accumulation. The valve can further include a bubble trap for trapping and removing bubbles.
대표청구항▼
A reagent dispensing valve particularly adapted for dispensing precise microfluidic quantities of fluids. The valve includes a valve portion and a solenoid actuator that are in fluid isolation from one another. The valve portion includes a plunger and seat combination and the actuator is substantial
A reagent dispensing valve particularly adapted for dispensing precise microfluidic quantities of fluids. The valve includes a valve portion and a solenoid actuator that are in fluid isolation from one another. The valve portion includes a plunger and seat combination and the actuator is substantially decoupled from the fluid path through the valve. The fluid path through the valve is substantially non-tortuous, thereby minimizing localized fluid pressure drops, and hence undesirable gaseous bubble precipitation within the fluid. The valve is also configured to substantially prevent bubble accumulation. The valve can further include a bubble trap for trapping and removing bubbles. material, a reverse-phase material, a silica, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 5. The pipette tip of claim 1, wherein the chromatographic material is a silica, a modified silica, a polymer, active charcoal, zirconium, titanium, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 6. The pipette tip of claim 1, wherein the pipette tip is a made of a polymer. 7. The pipette tip of claim 6, wherein the polymer is a polytetrafluoroethylene, a polysulfone, a polyethersulfone, a cellulose acetate, a polystyrene, a polystyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer, a polyvinylidene fluoride, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 8. The pipette tip of claim 1, wherein the volume of the pipette tip is between 0.0001 ml and 100 ml. 9. The pipette tip of claim 1, further comprising a piston adjacent the top end of the pipette tip. 10. A pipette tip array comprising 8 pipette tips of claim 1. 11. A pipette tip array comprising 12 pipette tips of claim 1. 12. A pipette tip array comprising 96 pipette tips of claim 1. 13. A pipette tip array comprising 384 pipette tips of claim 1. 14. A pipette tip array comprising 1,536 pipette tips of claim 1. 15. A container comprising an open top end, a closed bottom end, and a solid matrix coating on the interior surface of the container, wherein the solid matrix coating comprises at least one chromatographic material and at least one inert material, and wherein the solid matrix coats the interior surface of the container without significantly obstructing the flow of the sample. 16. A container array comprising 8, 12, 96, 384 or 1536 containers of claim 15. 17. The container of claim 15, wherein the inert material is a polymer. 18. The container of claim 17, wherein the polymer is a polytetrafluoroethylene, a polysulfone, a polyethersulfone, a cellulose acetate, a polystyrene, a polystyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer, a polyvinylidene fluoride, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 19. The container of claim 15, wherein the chromatographic material is a gel-filtration material, an ion-exchange material, a reverse-phase material, a silica, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 20. The container of claim 15, wherein the chromatographic material is a silica, a modified silica, a polymer, active charcoal, zirconium, titanium, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 21. The container of claim 15, wherein the container is a made of a polymer. 22. The container of claim 21, wherein the polymer is a polytetrafluoroethylene, a polysulfone, a polyethersulfone, a cellulose acetate, a polystyrene, a polystyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer, a polyvinylidene fluoride, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 23. The container of claim 15, wherein the volume of the container is between 0.0001 ml and 100 ml. 24. A tube comprising an open top end, an open bottom end, and a solid matrix coating on the interior surface of the tube, wherein the solid matrix coating comprises at least one chromatographic material and at least one inert material, and wherein the solid matrix coats the interior surface of the tube without significantly obstructing the flow of the sample. 25. A tube array comprising 8, 12, 96, 384 or 1536 tubes of claim 24. 26. The tube of claim 24, wherein the inert material is a polymer. 27. The tube of claim 26, wherein the polymer is a polytetrafluoroethylene, a polysulfone, a polyethersulfone, a cellulose acetate, a polystyrene, a polystyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer, a polyvinylidene fluoride, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 28. The tube of claim 24, wherein the chromatographic material is a gel-filtration material, an ion-exchange material, a reverse-phase material, a silica, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 29. The tube of claim 24, wherein the chromatographic material is a silica, a modified silica, a polymer, active charcoal, zirconium, titanium, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 30. The tube of claim 24, wherein the tube is a made of a polymer. 31. The tube of claim 29, wherein the polymer is a polytetrafluoroethylene, a polysulf one, a polyethersulfone, a cellulose acetate, a polystyrene, a polystyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer, a polyvinylidene fluoride, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 32. The tube of claim 24, wherein the volume of the tube is between 0.0001 ml and 100 ml. cess of claim 1 or claim 7, wherein said product stream of said process comprises a TOC content of about zero point three four percent (0.34%), or less, of the TOC content of said feedwater stream. 29. The process as set forth in claim 1, or in claim 7, the additional step of removing substantially all non-hydroxide alkalinity not associated with hardness. 30. The process as set forth in claim 1 or claim 7, further comprising the step of adding acid before the step of removing dissolved gas, to effect conversion of alkalinity to carbon dioxide. 31. The process according to claim 1 or claim 7, wherein said feedwater comprises cooling tower blowdown. 32. The process according to claim 1 or claim 7, wherein said feedwater comprises ash pond water. 33. The process according to claim 1 or claim 7, wherein said feedwater comprises ash sluicing water. 34. The process according to claim 1 or claim 7, wherein said feedwater comprises effluent from sewage treatment. 35. The process according to claim 1 or claim 7, wherein said feedwater comprises effluent from pulping or papermaking operations. 36. The process according to claim 1 or claim 7, wherein said feedwater comprises effluent from oil refining operations.
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