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A monitoring apparatus for a vehicle or a premises, including a monitoring device for monitoring operation, system status, equipment system status, or activity, or a device for detecting a state of disrepair of a system or equipment system. The monitoring device or device is located at the vehicle o

A monitoring apparatus for a vehicle or a premises, including a monitoring device for monitoring operation, system status, equipment system status, or activity, or a device for detecting a state of disrepair of a system or equipment system. The monitoring device or device is located at the vehicle or premises. The monitoring device or device transmits data to a first processing device located remote from the vehicle or premises. The data is received by the first processing device. The first processing device is capable of transmitting the data to a second processing device located remote from the vehicle or premises and remote from the first processing device. The second processing device is capable of receiving the data. The data can include operational data and video information, or information regarding a state of disrepair of the system or equipment system.

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A monitoring apparatus for a vehicle or a premises, including a monitoring device for monitoring operation, system status, equipment system status, or activity, or a device for detecting a state of disrepair of a system or equipment system. The monitoring device or device is located at the vehicle o

A monitoring apparatus for a vehicle or a premises, including a monitoring device for monitoring operation, system status, equipment system status, or activity, or a device for detecting a state of disrepair of a system or equipment system. The monitoring device or device is located at the vehicle or premises. The monitoring device or device transmits data to a first processing device located remote from the vehicle or premises. The data is received by the first processing device. The first processing device is capable of transmitting the data to a second processing device located remote from the vehicle or premises and remote from the first processing device. The second processing device is capable of receiving the data. The data can include operational data and video information, or information regarding a state of disrepair of the system or equipment system. dling apparatus comprising: a plate enveloper for receiving a plurality of battery plates and for enveloping at least some of the battery plates in insulative material; a lug brushing assembly coupled with and placed in-line with the plate enveloper for receiving the battery plates from the plate enveloper and for brushing lugs on the battery plates to remove contaminates therefrom, the lug brushing including a plurality of upper lug brushes for brushing top sides of the lugs as the battery plates pass through the lug brushing assembly, a plurality of lower lug brushes for brushing bottom sides of the lugs as the battery plates pass through the lug brushing assembly, a drive assembly for rotating the upper and lower lug brushes, and a rocker assembly for reciprocating the upper and lower brushes up and down so that the upper and lower brushes briefly contact the lugs as the battery plates pass thereby; and a plate stacker coupled with and placed in-line with the lug brushing assembly for receiving the battery plates from the lug brushing assembly and for stacking the battery plates so that the battery plates may be easily placed in battery housings. 8. The battery plate handling apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the drive assembly delivers battery plates to the upper and lower lug brushes in a trailing fashion so that the lugs on the battery plates initially extend away from the upper and lower lug brushes as the battery plates enter the lug brushing assembly. 9. The battery plate handling apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the rocker assembly is configured to simultaneously lower the upper brushes into contact with top surfaces of the lugs of a first set of battery plates and raise the lower brushes into contact with bottom surfaces of the lugs of a second set of battery plates. 10. The battery plate handling apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the lug brushing assembly is configured for simultaneously receiving two side-by-side battery plates and for simultaneously brushing lugs on the side-by-side battery plates. 11. A lug brushing assembly for brushing lugs on battery plates to remove contaminates therefrom, the lug brushing assembly comprising: an entry configured for placement in-line with a plate enveloper for receiving a plurality of battery plates from the plate enveloper; a plurality of lug brushes for brushing the lugs on the battery plates received from the plate enveloper; and an exit configured for placement in-line with a plate stacker for delivering the battery plates to the plate stacker. 12. The lug brushing assembly as set forth in claim 11, the lug brushes including plurality of upper lug brushes for brushing top sides of the lugs as the battery plates pass through the lug brushing assembly; and a plurality of lower lug brushes for brushing bottom sides of the lugs as the battery plates pass through the lug brushing assembly. 13. The lug brushing assembly as set forth in claim 12, further including a a drive assembly for rotating the upper and lower lug brushes; and a rocker assembly for reciprocating the upper and lower brushes up and down so that the upper and lower brushes briefly contact the lugs as the battery plates pass thereby. 14. A lug brushing assembly for brushing lugs on battery plates to remove contaminates therefrom, the lug brushing assembly comprising: a hopper for holding stacks of the battery plates; a thruster for picking up a topmost plate from the hopper; and a brushing assembly for receiving the plate from the thruster and brushing the lug on the plate. 15. The lug brushing assembly as set forth in claim 14, further including an additional thruster for carrying the plate from the brushing assembly to a battery stacker. terminal inserting apparatus. A lid (2) is provided for opening and closing terminal insertion grooves (5) that extend in forward and backward directions in the terminal holder (1). The lid (2) can be attached magnetically in a closed condition on the terminal holder (1). A locking member (9) is provided in the lid (2) and includes a leaf spring with saw teeth that project obliquely backward into the terminal insertion grooves (5). A later-inserted terminal (T) can be inserted through a front end opening of the terminal insertion groove (5) in this state, and can be locked in the terminal insertion groove (5) by the engagement of a step "b" of the terminal (T) with the leading end of the locking member (9). The terminal (T) is taken out by rotating the base (B) into an inverted position, opening the lid (2) and pushing the terminal (T) and the wire (A) down together. airs of opposed surfaces extend perpendicularly to each other. 11. A hinge assembly according to claim 9 wherein each adjacent first and second surface is joined by a curved joining surface. 12. A hinge assembly according to claim 1 wherein the second portion of the connection member includes first and second cylindrical portions. 13. A hinge assembly according to claim 12 wherein the first cylindrical portion is located adjacent the cam means. 14. A hinge assembly according to claim 12 wherein the first cylindrical portion has a reduced diameter as compared with the diameter of the second cylindrical portion. 15. A hinge assembly according to claim 14 wherein a male connector is located on the cover and adopts a "cross" or "minus" cross-sectional configuration. 16. A hinge assembly according to claim 1 wherein the connector on the cover is located on a hinge member which extends from the cover. 17. A hinge assembly according to claim 1 wherein the boss member and the connection member are made from a plastics material. 18. A hinge assembly according to claim 1 wherein the cam means has a neutral or toggle position such that if the cam means is rotated beyond the neutral or toggle position, the cover connection member is caused to move the cover to a fully opened position. 19. A hinge assembly according to claim 18 wherein the neutral or toggle position of the cam means occurs when a cam surface of the cam means is located at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to an imaginary horizontal line which extends substantially parallel to a portion of the biasing means that engages with the portion of said connection member. 20. A hinge assembly according to claim 19 wherein when the cover is at the fully opened position it is at an angle of approximately 120 degrees to said imaginary horizontal line. 21. An assembly including a device having opposed side walls, a cover arranged for connection to the device by at least one hinge assembly, said at least one hinge assembly including a boss member on which a torsion spring is arranged to be mounted, a cover connection member arranged to be mounted on one of said side walls, said connection member having a first portion including cam means arranged to interact with at least one portion of said torsion spring and a second portion arranged to be directly connected to said cover by connection means, said connection means including complimentary male and female shaped connectors formed on the second portion and the cover. 22. An assembly according to claim 21 wherein a pair of said hinge assemblies are provided for connection of the cover to the device. 23. A hinge assembly for connecting a cover to a device, the cover being arranged to move between a fully open and a fully closed position, the hinge assembly including a cover connection member arranged to join said cover to said device and biasing means arranged to engage with a portion of said connection member and to bias said cover towards either said fully opening or said fully closed position depending on the orientation of the connection member, said connection member having a first portion including cam means arranged to interact with at least one portion of said torsion spring and a second portion arranged to be directly connected to said cover by connection means, said connection means including complimentary male and female shaped connectors formed on the second portion and the cover. 24. A hinge assembly according to claim 22 where the biasing means includes a torsion spring. 25. A hinge assembly according to claim 23 including a stopper mounted on at least one of the opposed side walls, said stopper being arranged to prevent movement of the cover once is has reached a required fully opened position. 26. A hinge assembly according to claim 23 wherein the cover connection member is arranged to be mounted in an aperture formed in a side wall of a frame arranged to hold the device. 27. A hinge assembly for connecting a cover to a d evice, said device having first and second pairs of opposed side walls, said assembly comprising a boss member arranged to be mounted on one of said first side walls, a biasing means arranged to be mounted on said boss member, a cover connection member arranged to be rotatably mounted in an aperture formed in said one of said first side walls, said cover connection member having a first portion including cam means arranged to interact with at least one portion of said biasing means and a second portion arranged to be directly connected to said cover by connection means, and said connection means including complimentary male and female shaped connectors formed on the second portion and the cover. 28. A hinge assembly for connecting a cover to a device according to claim 27 wherein the boss member includes a mounting plate which is arranged to be mounted on said one of said first side walls and a head, the mounting plate including an aperture which is sized that the first portion can extend there through. 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US-5361482, 19941100, Weder et al., 029/469; US-5388695, 19950200, Gilbert, 206/423; US-5428939, 19950700, Weder et al., 053/397; US-5443670, 19950800, Landau, 156/191; US-5493809, 19960200, Weder et al., 047/072; US-D368025, 19960300, Sekerak et al., D09/305; US-5496251, 19960300, Cheng, 493/224; US-5496252, 19960300, Gilbert, 493/224; US-5526932, 19960600, Weder, 206/423; US-5551570, 19960900, Shaffer et al., 206/575; US-5572849, 19961100, Weder et al., 053/399; US-5572851, 19961100, Weder, 053/399; US-5575133, 19961100, Weder et al., 053/397; US-5617703, 19970400, Weder, 053/413; US-5624320, 19970400, Martinez, 472/051; US-5625979, 19970500, Weder; US-5647168, 19970700, Gilbert, 047/072; US-5647193, 19970700, Weder et al., 053/465; US-5715944, 19980200, Windisch, 206/423; US-D404684, 19990100, Shea, D11/164; US-5974730, 19991100, Chien, 047/041.01; US-D419436, 20000100, Celtorius et al., D09/305; US-6129209, 20001000, Tchira, 206/423 ng element cooperating with the piston chamber forming member whereby in a stroke of inward and outward reciprocal sliding of the piston forming element in the piston chamber forming member between a retracted position and an extended position the piston forming element pumps fluid from the inner end through the piston chamber forming member via the passageway in the stem and out the nozzle, the nozzle including an inner tubular portion and an outer tubular portion, the inner tubular portion having an opening opening into the outer tubular portion and the outer tubular portion having an outlet, wherein a fluid passageway is formed passing through the inner tubular portion into the outer tubular portion and subsequently out of the outer tubular portion via the outlet, the outlet of the outer tubular portion is directed generally vertically downwardly, the opening of the inner tubular portion is directed generally vertically downwardly in alignment with the outlet of the outer tubular portion, the inner tubular portion having a maximum cross-sectional area for flow therethrough smaller than a minimum cross-sectional area for flow through the outer tubular portion. 2. A pump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pump dispenses through the inner tubular portion a unit volume of fluid on each stroke of the piston forming element, the outer tubular portion defining a volume in the range of 0.1 to 2 times the unit volume. 3. A pump as claimed in claim 2 wherein the inner tubular portion comprises a cylindrical tube having a first bore therethrough of a first diameter and the outer tubular portion comprises an outer tube having a second bore therethrough of a second diameter larger than the diameter of the first bore. 4. A pump as claimed in claim 3 wherein air inlet openings are provided opening into the outer tubular portion proximate a junction between the inner tubular portion and the outer tubular portion. 5. A pump as claimed in claim 4 wherein the inner tubular portion and outer tubular portion are coaxial about an axis. 6. A pump as claimed in claim 3 wherein the outer tubular portion is a hollow tube open throughout its length to the outlet and the passageway is defined therein free of any obstruction which would reduce or restrict flow of liquid out the outlet. 7. A pump as claimed in claim 1 wherein air inlet openings are provided opening into the outer tubular portion proximate a junction between the inner tubular portion and the outer tubular portion. 8. A pump as claimed in claim 7 wherein the air inlet openings are disposed about the inner tubular portion such that on flow of fluid out from the inner tubular portion into the outer tubular portion air is drawn inwardly into the outer tubular portion under a venturi effect. 9. A pump as claimed in claim 7 wherein the inner tubular portion comprises a cylindrical tube having a first bore therethrough of a first diameter and the outer tubular portion comprises an outer tube having a second bore therethrough of a second diameter larger than the diameter of the first bore. 10. A pump as claimed in claim 9 in which the diameter of the second bore is at least 5/3 the diameter of the first bore. 11. A pump as claimed in claim 9 wherein the diameter of the second bore is in the range of 5/3 to two times the diameter of the first bore. 12. A pump as claimed in claim 11 wherein the diameter of the first bore of the inner tube is in the range of two to ten millimeters. 13. A pump as claimed in claim 9 wherein the inner tubular portion and outer tubular portion are coaxial about an axis and the outlet of the outer tubular portion is disposed in a plane normal the axis. 14. A pump as claimed in claim 10 wherein the inner tubular portion and outer tubular portion are coaxial about an axis. 15. A pump as claimed in claim 2 wherein the volume of the outer tubular portion is in the range of 0.1 to 1 times the unit volume. 16. A pump as claimed in claim 2 wherein the volume of the outer tubular portion is in the range of 1/8 to 1/2 times the unit volume. 17. A pump as claimed in claim 9 wherein a radially extending shoulder joins an outer end of the inner tubular portion and an inner end of the outer tubular portion such that the cross-sectional area of the passageway increases in a step function from the inner tubular portion into the outer tubular portion. 18. A pump as claimed in claim 17 wherein air inlet openings are provided through the shoulder into the outer tubular portion. 19. A pump as claimed in claim 9 wherein the outer tube is a cylindrical tube. w the source material to react, while making the source material and the solvent in the supercritical or subcritical state come into contact with the surface of the substrate such that a film is formed on the substrate out of the first substance and that the second substance is dissolved in the solvent and removed; wherein the substrate comprises at least one film selected from the group consisting of paraelectric, ferroelectric and metal films. 2. A method for forming a film on the surface of an object to be processed, wherein the object is exposed to a fluid kept in a supercritical or subcritical state, thereby forming a film of a reactant on the surface of the object, the reactant having been produced as a result of a reaction between a substance contained in the object and a substance contained in the fluid. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a substance containing oxygen is used as the fluid, and wherein an oxide film of the substance contained in the object is formed on the surface of the object. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the fluid is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of water, oxygen and nitrous oxide. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein a silicon dioxide film is formed on the surface of the object using a silicon layer as the object. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein a silicon oxynitride film is formed on the surface of the object using a silicon nitride layer as the object. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the object on which the oxide film has been formed is further exposed to a fluid containing nitrogen in a supercritical or subcritical state, thereby changing the oxide film into an oxynitride film. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein not only at least one of water, oxygen and nitrous oxide but also an oxidation accelerator are used as the fluid. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein at least one of ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) is used as the oxidation accelerator. 10. The method of claim 3, wherein a substance containing chlorine, as well as the substance containing oxygen, is used as the fluid. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the substance containing chlorine is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of hydrogen chloride, chlorine, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and other metal chlorides. 12. The method of claim 3, wherein a substance producing alkali metal ions, as well as the substance containing oxygen, is used as the fluid. 13. The method of claim 2, wherein a substance containing nitrogen is used as the fluid, and wherein a nitride film of the substance contained in the object is formed on the surface of the object. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the fluid is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, ammonium and an amine. 15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein a silicon nitride film is formed on the surface of the object using a silicon layer as the object. 16. A semiconductor device of an MIS type comprising a dielectric layer and a gate electrode over a semiconductor substrate, wherein the dielectric layer is a ferroelectric layer, and a paraelectric layer is provided between the ferroelectric layer and the semiconductor substrate, wherein the paraelectric layer has been formed by making a source material and a solvent come into contact with a surface of the semiconductor substrate, while keeping the temperature and pressure of the solvent in a supercritical or subcritical state, the source material producing first and second substances when reacted, with the solvent dissolving the second substance, and wherein the ferroelectric layer has been formed by making the source material and the solvent come into contact with a surface of the paraelectric layer, while keeping the temperature and pressure of the solvent in a supercritical or subcritical state, the source material produc ing third and forth substances when reacted, with the solvent dissolving the third substance. layer to stabilize the GUV and to provide extended conjugated polymer backbone; and at least one incorporated molecular recognition site for said chemical and biological agents or toxins consisting of N-octadecyl maltobionamide (C-18 maltonamide) or N-octadecyl lactobionamide (C-18 lactonamide) wherein a colorimetric detection signal is produced when the chemical or biological agent or toxin binds with the molecular recognition site. 2. A colorimetric detector according to claim 1, wherein the GUV is a polymerizable diacetylenic GUV. 3. A colorimetric detector according to claim 1, wherein the GUV is made from 1,2 bis-(tricosa-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine DC8,9PC. 4. A colorimetric detector according to claim 1, wherein the GUV is used on a substrate to detect the presence of specific chemical species. 5. A colorimetric detector according to claim 1, wherein the GUV is used by itself as a substrate to detect the presence of specific chemical species. 6. A method for colorimetric detection of chemical and biological agents or toxins in a test sample, comprising: exposing said test sample to giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) derived from 1,2 bis-(alkadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DCm,nPC) where m=2-16 and n=7-16, and m+n≥20 carbon atoms; wherein the GUV has a large radius of curvature of at least 50 microns; wherein the size of the GUV is from 10 to 300 microns; and wherein the GUV has a membrane bilayer that is polymerized by crosslinking acyl chains in the membrane bilayer to stabilize the GUV and to provide extended conjugated polymer backbone; and at least one incorporated molecular recognition receptor site for said chemical and biological agents or toxins consisting of N-octadecyl maltobionamide (C-18 maltonamide) or N-octadecyl lactobionamide (C-18 lactonamide), whereby the binding of the chemical and biological agents with the receptor sites produces a colorimetric detection signal; and detecting said signal. 7. A method of detecting chemical and biological agents according to claim 6, wherein the GUV is a polymerizable diacetylenic GUV. 8. A colorimetric detector apparatus for detecting chemical and biological agents or toxins comprising: a chamber having a series of passageways for analyzing the sampling fluid containing the colorimetric detector of claim 1, a chamber inlet for sampling a fluid containing chemical and biological agents or toxins, means for reading the output of the calorimetric detector, and a chamber outlet for the sampling fluid. 9. A colorimetric detector apparatus according to claim 8, wherein different passageways have different detectors for various agents or toxins. 10. A colorimetric detector apparatus according to claim 8, wherein each passageway has an inlet filter. 11. A calorimetric detector apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the inlet filter has a 2-10 micron filter. 12. A colorimetric detector apparatus according to claim 8, wherein each passageway has capillaries filled with the GUVs. 13. A colorimetric detector apparatus according to claim 8, wherein each passageway has an outlet filter. 14. A calorimetric detector apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the outlet filter has a 2-10 micron filter. 15. A calorimetric detector apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the means for reading the output of the colorimetric detector is a window for optical read out. 16. A calorimetric detector apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the means for reading the output of the colorimetric detector further comprises a commercial monitor. 17. A colorimetric detector apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the fluid inlet and outlet are capable of handling samples present in air or in water. . Lau et al., The Isolation and Characterization of a Specific Antibody Population Directed Against the Prothrombin Activation Fragments F2 and F1&2, 234 J. 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