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An apparatus for measuring particles in an exhaust gas of a vehicle. A transmitter is adapted to provide a source of ultraviolet radiation. The radiation travels through the gas and impinges upon the particles in the gas generating a backscattered radiation. The transmitter also generates a timing s

An apparatus for measuring particles in an exhaust gas of a vehicle. A transmitter is adapted to provide a source of ultraviolet radiation. The radiation travels through the gas and impinges upon the particles in the gas generating a backscattered radiation. The transmitter also generates a timing signal. A receiver is located in proximity of the transmitter. The receiver is adapted to receive the backscattered radiation and to generate a backscattered signal indicative of the quantity of particles entrained in the gas. A data system is connected to the receiver, the data system is adapted to receive the timing signal and the backscattered signal as an input and to calculate a quantity of particles in the gas at a location from the transmitter.

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An apparatus for measuring particles in an exhaust gas of a vehicle. A transmitter is adapted to provide a source of ultraviolet radiation. The radiation travels through the gas and impinges upon the particles in the gas generating a backscattered radiation. The transmitter also generates a timing s

An apparatus for measuring particles in an exhaust gas of a vehicle. A transmitter is adapted to provide a source of ultraviolet radiation. The radiation travels through the gas and impinges upon the particles in the gas generating a backscattered radiation. The transmitter also generates a timing signal. A receiver is located in proximity of the transmitter. The receiver is adapted to receive the backscattered radiation and to generate a backscattered signal indicative of the quantity of particles entrained in the gas. A data system is connected to the receiver, the data system is adapted to receive the timing signal and the backscattered signal as an input and to calculate a quantity of particles in the gas at a location from the transmitter. ibre and a Slab Waveguide," Tel Aviv University, Israel, May 29, 1990. Brierley et al., "Amplitude and phase characterization of polished directional half-couplers with variable refractive index overlays," Optical Engineering, vol. 27, No. 1, p. 45-49, Jan. 1988. Scholl et al., "In-line fiber optical attenuator and powermeter," SPIE vol. 1792 Components for Fiber Optic Applications VII, p. 65-70, 1992. Tsujimoto et al., "Fabrication of Law Loss 3 dB Couplers With Multimode Optical Fibres," Electronics Letters, vol. 14, No. 5, Mar. 2, 1978. ting state to neutral for a predetermined time after the completion of the canceling control section. 13. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 1, further comprising slope detecting means for detecting that the vehicle is on a slope, wherein the automatic-shifting-to-neutral control prohibiting means prohibits the automatic-shifting-to-neutral control when the slope detecting means detects that the vehicle is on a slope. 14. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 13, wherein the slope detecting means comprises an inclination angle sensor for detecting the slope from the output of the sensor. 15. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 13, wherein the slope detecting means comprises a suspension stroke sensor for detecting the slope from the output of the sensor. 16. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 13, wherein the slope detecting means comprises a navigation system for detecting the slope from the output of the system.