초록 ▼

The present invention concerns a process of construction of a five-stroke internal combustion engine comprising especially at least one low-pressure cylinder (1) functioning in a two-stroke mode located between two high-pressure combustion cylinder (2,3) functioning in a four-stroke mode, the work c

The present invention concerns a process of construction of a five-stroke internal combustion engine comprising especially at least one low-pressure cylinder (1) functioning in a two-stroke mode located between two high-pressure combustion cylinder (2,3) functioning in a four-stroke mode, the work chamber (C2, C3) of each combustion cylinder (2,3) being capable of communicating with the work chamber (C1) of the low-pressure cylinder (1) via a decanting valve (9) associated with the combustion cylinders (2,3) and a decanting manifold (16,17), and comprising a means of excess feeding the combustion cylinders (2,3), this process being characterized by the fact that the volume compression ratio of the combustion cylinders is relatively low, so as to be able to be highly supercharged. The invention can be used in the field of gasoline engine or Diesel engine.

대표청구항 ▼

The present invention concerns a process of construction of a five-stroke internal combustion engine comprising especially at least one low-pressure cylinder (1) functioning in a two-stroke mode located between two high-pressure combustion cylinder (2,3) functioning in a four-stroke mode, the work c

The present invention concerns a process of construction of a five-stroke internal combustion engine comprising especially at least one low-pressure cylinder (1) functioning in a two-stroke mode located between two high-pressure combustion cylinder (2,3) functioning in a four-stroke mode, the work chamber (C2, C3) of each combustion cylinder (2,3) being capable of communicating with the work chamber (C1) of the low-pressure cylinder (1) via a decanting valve (9) associated with the combustion cylinders (2,3) and a decanting manifold (16,17), and comprising a means of excess feeding the combustion cylinders (2,3), this process being characterized by the fact that the volume compression ratio of the combustion cylinders is relatively low, so as to be able to be highly supercharged. The invention can be used in the field of gasoline engine or Diesel engine. 5; US-4649525, 19870300, Angona et al., 001/040; US-4665511, 19870500, Rodney et al., 367/035; US-4703460, 19871000, Kurkjian et al., 367/031; US-4825117, 19890400, Thomas, III et al., 041/008; US-4832148, 19890500, Becker et al., 181/104; US-4872526, 19891000, Wignall et al., 181/102; US-4899844, 19900200, Katahara et al., 181/106; US-5027331, 19910600, Winbow et al., 367/075; US-5044461, 19910900, Aronstam, 001/040; US-5170018, 19921200, Potier; US-5265067, 19931100, Chang, 367/031; US-5398215, 19950300, Sinha et al., 367/031; US-5475650, 19951200, Sinha et al., 367/031; US-5521882, 19960500, D'Angelo et al., 367/032; US-5544127, 19960800, Winkler, 367/027; US-5654938, 19970800, Tang, 367/034; US-5678643, 19971000, Robbins et al., 174/045; US-5712829, 19980100, Tang et al., 367/075; US-5724308, 19980300, Sorrells et al., 367/034; US-5728978, 19980300, Roberts et al., 001/040; US-5780784, 19980700, Robbins, 181/102; US-5808963, 19980900, Esmersoy, 367/031; US-5852262, 19981200, Gill et al., 181/102; US-6176344, 20010100, Lester, 181/104 switch having input ports for receiving data packets to be forwarded by the switch and output ports for forwarding the data packets, comprising steps of: receiving a data packet by an input port; passing copies of the data packet to each of a plurality of output ports including at least one output port that is not an appropriate output port for forwarding the packet; and determining whether the data packet is multi-cast or uni-cast and when the packet is uni-cast, forming a uni-cast mask for the packet, the uni-cast mask being a binary value having first logic value in a bit position that corresponds to an appropriate output port for forwarding the packet and a second logic value in remaining bit positions and when the packet is multi-cast, forming a plurality of multi-cast masks for the packet, each multi-cast mask being a binary value having the first logic value in a bit position that corresponds to an appropriate output port for forwarding the packet. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising forwarding the data packet by the destination ports indicated by the one of the uni-cast or multi-cast masks. 16. The method according to claim 14, further comprising dropping the copy of the data packet by each of the plurality of output ports that is not an appropriate output port for forwarding the data packet after said passing. 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein when the data packet is multi-cast, performing steps of: determining an appropriate format of the data packet for each multi-cast mask; formatting the data packet in accordance with each of the appropriate formats thereby forming a plurality of formatted multi-cast packets; and forwarding the formatted multi-cast packets. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein said determining includes forming a multi-cast identification list having a number of entries corresponding to the number of output ports that are to forward the data packet, each entry including an identification of a output port and an indication of an appropriate format for the data packet. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising forming the multi-cast masks based on the output port identifications. 20. A method of forwarding data packets in a multi-port switch having input ports for receiving data packets to be forwarded by the switch and output ports for forwarding the data packets, comprising steps of: receiving a data packet by an input port; passing copies of the data packet to each of a plurality of output ports; forming one or more masks for the packet, each mask being a binary value having a first logic value in one or more bit positions that correspond to appropriate output ports for forwarding the packet and a second logic value in the remaining bit positions; determining an appropriate format of the data packet for each of the appropriate output ports; formatting the data packet in accordance with each of the appropriate formats thereby forming a plurality of formatted multi-cast packets; forwarding the formatted multi-cast packets; and dropping the copy of the data packet by each output port that is not an appropriate output port for forwarding the data packet after said passing. 21. A method of forwarding data packets in a multi-port switch having input ports for receiving data packets to be forwarded by the switch and output ports for forwarding the data packets, comprising steps of: receiving a data packet by an input port; forming a first mask when the packet is multi-cast, the first mask being a binary value having a first logic value in all bit positions; passing copies of the data packet to each output port indicated by the first mask, including at least one output port that is not an appropriate output port for forwarding the packet; forming one or more multi-cast masks for the packet, each multi-cast mask being a binary value having a first logic value in each bit position that corresponds to appropriate output port for forwarding the packet and a second logic value in remaining bit positions; and forwarding the data packet by each appropriate output port indicated by the one or more multi-cast masks. 22. The method according to 21, further comprising determining whether the packet is uni-cast or multi-cast, and when the packet is uni-cast, forming a uni-cast mask, the uni-cast mask being a binary value having a first logic value each bit position that corresponds to appropriate output port for forwarding the packet. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the uni-cast mask has one occurrence of the first logic value. 24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the uni-cast mask has a plurality of occurrences of the first logic value. 25. The method according to claim 22, further comprising appending the uni-cast mask to the packet. 26. The method according to claim 21, further comprising appending the first mask to the data packet. dimensional image. 12. A two-dimensional beamforming system comprising: a two-dimensional transducer array, the transducer array comprises a plurality of subarrays, and comprises a water borne array for a sonar system; a charge domain beamforming processor connected to the array that forms an electronic representation of a region of interest, the processor comprising a charge coupled device, a plurality of delay lines and a plurality of finite impulse response filters, the processor steering array elements in different directions, and each subarray being simultaneously separately steerable by the processor; and a zoom control to control the depth of view of the array. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein the charge domain beamformer processor is coupled to a memory circuit. 14. The system of claim 12 wherein the processor is connected to a personal computer having a second processor and a user interface. 15. The system of claim 12 wherein the electronic representation of the region of interest is a multi-dimensional image. polarization state. 12. An optical recording medium as set forth in claim 1, wherein the recording layer comprises an organic dye material changing in a complex index of refraction or shape with respect to a wavelength of the reproducing light by focusing of light. 13. An optical recording medium as set forth in claim 1, wherein the recording layer comprises pits formed on a surface of the substrate and said optical recording medium is a read-only medium. 14. An optical recording and reproduction device comprising: a light source, an optical recording medium, and an optical system focusing light from the light source to the optical recording medium at a near field distance from the optical recording medium, the medium comprising a substrate, a recording layer formed on the substrate, a first protective layer formed on the recording layer, and an antireflection multilayer film formed on the first protective layer for preventing reflection of the light at a surface of the first protective layer and having predetermined optical characteristics moderating a change of reproduced signal intensity along with fluctuation of the distance, and said device performing at least one of recording and reproduction of information by focusing light from the optical system to the recording layer via a side of the optical recording medium at which the antireflection multilayer film is formed. 15. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 14, wherein the predetermined optical characteristics are determined by a refractive index and thickness of each layer comprised of the antireflection multilayer film. 16. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 14, wherein the antireflection multilayer film comprise at least two layers and the outermost layer of the antireflection multilayer film has a surface hardness able to be polished. 17. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 16, wherein the outermost layer of the antireflection multilayer film comprises a silicon oxide layer. 18. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 17, wherein a thickness of the silicon oxide layer is about 100 nm or more. 19. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 17, wherein the antireflection multilayer film comprise a plurality of silicon oxide layers. 20. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 14, wherein a surface of the antireflection multilayer film is flattened and has no protruding defects liable to damage the optical system. 21. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 14, wherein a reflective layer comprised of metal or semimetal is formed between the substrate and the recording layer. 22. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 14, further comprising a second protective layer between the substrate and the recording layer. 23. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 14, wherein the recording layer comprises a material undergoing a phase change and changing in a complex index of refraction by said focusing of light. 24. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 14, wherein the recording layer comprises a material changing in magnetization state by said focusing of light and enabling detection of the change as a change of a polarization state. 25. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 14, wherein the recording layer comprises an organic dye material changing in a complex index of refraction or shape with respect to a wavelength of the reproducing light by said focusing of light. 26. An optical recording and reproduction device as set forth in claim 14, wherein the recording layer comprises pits formed on a surface of the substrate and said optical recording medium is read-only medium.