초록 ▼

An elastomerized phenolic resin ablative insulation particularly suitable for use in connection with the thermal insulation of selected components of rocket motors. A composition for making the elastomerized ablative insulation is disclosed. Furthermore, an associated method of forming calendered sh

An elastomerized phenolic resin ablative insulation particularly suitable for use in connection with the thermal insulation of selected components of rocket motors. A composition for making the elastomerized ablative insulation is disclosed. Furthermore, an associated method of forming calendered sheets of material formed of the composition is disclosed. The preferred ingredients of the disclosed composition include acrylonitryle butadiene rubber, zinc borate, and phenol formaldehyde resin which can be cured and bonded to structures such as domes of open-ended rocket motors and other rocket motor components. The subject elastomerized ablative insulation is well suited for use independently or in connection with other insulative materials to form a thermal barrier which is highly resistant to the heat and the erosive nature associated with the combustion of propellant fuels, for example.

대표청구항 ▼

An elastomerized phenolic resin ablative insulation particularly suitable for use in connection with the thermal insulation of selected components of rocket motors. A composition for making the elastomerized ablative insulation is disclosed. Furthermore, an associated method of forming calendered sh

An elastomerized phenolic resin ablative insulation particularly suitable for use in connection with the thermal insulation of selected components of rocket motors. A composition for making the elastomerized ablative insulation is disclosed. Furthermore, an associated method of forming calendered sheets of material formed of the composition is disclosed. The preferred ingredients of the disclosed composition include acrylonitryle butadiene rubber, zinc borate, and phenol formaldehyde resin which can be cured and bonded to structures such as domes of open-ended rocket motors and other rocket motor components. The subject elastomerized ablative insulation is well suited for use independently or in connection with other insulative materials to form a thermal barrier which is highly resistant to the heat and the erosive nature associated with the combustion of propellant fuels, for example. cules of at least one non-oxidizing acid selected from a group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, hydrofluoric acid, and one or more oxyacids of phosphorus selected from orthophosphoric acid, condensed phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid and hypophosphorous acid; (C) from the beginning of the spontaneous chemical reaction described in (III) below, a third mass of oxidizing agent, wherein the oxidizing stoichiometric equivalent as hydrogen peroxide of said third mass has a molar ratio to said non-powdery mass of predominantly elemental nickel reagent that is from about 0.80:1.00 to about 1.6:1.00; and, optionally, (D) dissolved nickel cations, wherein (a) at least 80%, based on weight, of the acid content of said second mass consists of one or more oxyacids of phosphorus, and (b) at the beginning of the spontaneous chemical reaction described in (III) below (1) the concentration of the oxyacid or oxyacids of phosphorus, measured as their stoichiometric equivalent as orthophosphoric acid, is from about 30 to about 55%, based on weight, of said second mass; and (2) the mass of the oxyacid or oxyacids of phosphorus, measured as their stoichiometric equivalent as orthophosphoric acid, in said second mass has a ratio, based on weight, to the mass of nickel in said first mass that is from about 3.0:1.00 to about 7.0:1.00; and (III) effecting contact between said first mass and said second mass under such conditions of temperature and relative motion between said two masses as will result in spontaneous chemical reaction between them, said spontaneous chemical reaction converting at least 80 percent, by weight, of the elemental nickel present in said first mass to dissolved nickel cations in a final aqueous acidic liquid that includes some of the molecules of non-oxidizing acid originally present in said second mass within a time interval, beginning with the first contact between said first and second masses, that is not more than 24 hours. 2. A process according to claim 1 which is a batchwise process and during operation (III) of which: there is an initial temperature at the time of beginning said spontaneous chemical reaction that is from about 15 to about 31° C.; there is a maximum temperature that is from about 65 to about 95° C.; and the temperature is controlled so that: the temperature rises from the initial value to the maximum value in increments that are from about 2.0 to about 10° C.; after the temperature target for each incremental increase has been attained, the temperature is not raised again by external heating for a time interval that is at least about 8 minutes and, unless the target temperature is at least 55° C., is not more than 35 minutes; and after the aqueous acidic liquid has reached the maximum temperature, this temperature is maintained for a time interval from 2.0 to 10 hours, after which time interval the final acidic aqueous liquid is cooled to a temperature from 24 to 40° C. and filtered through a filter that retains particles that are as much as 4 μm in diameter. 3. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from hydrogen peroxide, ozone or a combination thereof. 4. A process for making a final aqueous acidic liquid that contains dissolved nickel cations, said process comprising the following operations: (I) providing a first mass of a solid, predominantly elemental nickel reagent, wherein at least 97%, by volume, of said predominantly elemental nickel reagent passes through channels with a diameter of at least 0.30 mm; (II) providing, separately from said first mass, a second mass of a precursor aqueous acidic liquid reagent that comprises the following components: (A) water; (B) molecules of at least one non-oxidizing acid selected from a group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, hydrofluoric acid, and one or more oxyacids of phosphorous selected from orthophosphoric acid, condensed phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid and hypophosphorous acid, and, optionally, (C) dissolved nickel cations, wherein (a) at least 80%, by weight, of the acid content of said second mass consists of one or more oxyacids of phosphorus, (b) at the beginning of the spontaneous chemical reaction described in (III) below (1) the concentration of the oxyacid or oxyacids of phosphorus, measured as their stoichiometric equivalent as orthophosphoric acid, is from about 30 to about 55%, by weight, of said second mass; and (2) the mass of the oxyacid or oxyacids of phosphorus, measured as their stoichiometric equivalent as orthophosphoric acid, in said second mass has a ratio, based on weight, to the mass of nickel in said first mass that is from about 3.0:1.00 to about 7.0:1.00; and (III) effecting contact between said first mass and said second mass under such conditions of temperature and relative motion between said two masses as will result in spontaneous chemical reaction between them, said spontaneous chemical reaction converting at least 95 percent, by weight, of the elemental nickel present in said first mass to dissolved nickel cations in a final aqueous acidic liquid that includes some of the molecules of non-oxidizing acid originally present in said second mass within a time interval, beginning with the first contact between said first and second masses, that is not more than 24 hours, and (IV) after at least 95%, by weight, but less than all of said first mass has been dissolved, adding to the resulting aqueous acidic liquid a number of moles of a component of oxidizing agent distinct from said non-oxidizing acid, said number of moles of added oxidizing agent component having a ratio to the number of moles of predominantly elemental nickel reagent remaining undissolved at the time of addition that is from about 0.6:1.00 to about 6:1.00, and contact between the thus modified aqueous acidic liquid and the residue of undissolved predominantly elemental nickel reagent is maintained for a time interval that is from about 15 minutes to about 4 hours. 5. A process according to claim 4 which is a batchwise process and during operation (III) of which: there is an initial temperature at the time of beginning said spontaneous chemical reaction that is from about 15 to about 31° C.; there is a maximum temperature that is from about 65 to about 95° C.; and the temperature is controlled so that: the temperature rises from the initial value to the maximum value in increments that are from about 2.0 to about 10° C.; after the temperature target for each incremental increase has been attained, the temperature is not raised again by external heating for a time interval that is at least about 8 minutes and, unless the target temperature is at least 55° C., is not more than 35 minutes; and after the aqueous acidic liquid has reached the maximum temperature, this temperature is maintained for a time interval from 2.0 to 10 hours, after which time interval the final acidic aqueous liquid is cooled to a temperature from 24 to 40° C. and filtered through a filter that retains particles that are as much as 4 μm in diameter. 6. A process as claimed in claim 4 wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from hydrogen peroxide, ozone or a combination thereof. 7. A process for making a final aqueous acidic liquid that contains dissolved nickel cations, said process comprising the following operations: (I) providing a first mass of a solid, predominantly elemental nickel reagent, comprising a non-powdery mass in which each individual piece of said predominantly elemental nickel reagent is longer than about 0.5 mm in at least one linear dimension; (II) providing, separately from said first mass, a second mass of a precursor aqueous acidic liquid reagent that comprises the following components: (A) water; (B) molecules of at least one