Carbon molecular sieves and methods for making the same
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
B01D-053/22
B01D-071/02
출원번호
US-0834808
(2001-04-12)
발명자
/ 주소
Koros, William J.
Vu, De Q.
Mahajan, Rajiv
Miller, Stephen J.
출원인 / 주소
Chevron USA Inc., The University of Texas System
대리인 / 주소
Schulte, Richard J.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
28인용 특허 :
24
초록▼
Mixed matrix membranes capable of separating carbon dioxide from mixtures including carbon dioxide and methane, and processes for purifying methane using the membranes, are disclosed. The membranes are preferably polymer membranes, that include discrete carbon-based molecular sieve particles with si
Mixed matrix membranes capable of separating carbon dioxide from mixtures including carbon dioxide and methane, and processes for purifying methane using the membranes, are disclosed. The membranes are preferably polymer membranes, that include discrete carbon-based molecular sieve particles with sizes of between about 0.5 microns to about 5.0 microns. The particles are formed by pyrolyzing a precursor polymer in the form of a powder or film. The pyrolyzed polymer is then ideally milled to desired small size particles. The preferred ratio of particles to polymer is about 0.25 to about 1.0 by volume. A preferred method for preparing the mixed matrix membrane is by dispersing the particles in a solvent, adding a small quantity of the desired polymer or "sizing agent" to "size" or "prime" the particles, adding a polymer, casting a film of the polymer solution, and evaporating the solvent to form a mixed matrix membrane film. The mixed matrix membrane film permits passage of carbon dioxide and methane, but at different permeation rates, such that the ratio of the relative permeation rates of carbon dioxide to methane is larger through the mixed matrix membrane film than through the original polymer. The mixed matrix membrane is preferably in the form of a dense film or a hollow fiber. A mixture containing carbon dioxide and methane can be enriched in methane by selective passage of carbon dioxide over methane in a gas-phase process through the membrane.
대표청구항▼
Mixed matrix membranes capable of separating carbon dioxide from mixtures including carbon dioxide and methane, and processes for purifying methane using the membranes, are disclosed. The membranes are preferably polymer membranes, that include discrete carbon-based molecular sieve particles with si
Mixed matrix membranes capable of separating carbon dioxide from mixtures including carbon dioxide and methane, and processes for purifying methane using the membranes, are disclosed. The membranes are preferably polymer membranes, that include discrete carbon-based molecular sieve particles with sizes of between about 0.5 microns to about 5.0 microns. The particles are formed by pyrolyzing a precursor polymer in the form of a powder or film. The pyrolyzed polymer is then ideally milled to desired small size particles. The preferred ratio of particles to polymer is about 0.25 to about 1.0 by volume. A preferred method for preparing the mixed matrix membrane is by dispersing the particles in a solvent, adding a small quantity of the desired polymer or "sizing agent" to "size" or "prime" the particles, adding a polymer, casting a film of the polymer solution, and evaporating the solvent to form a mixed matrix membrane film. The mixed matrix membrane film permits passage of carbon dioxide and methane, but at different permeation rates, such that the ratio of the relative permeation rates of carbon dioxide to methane is larger through the mixed matrix membrane film than through the original polymer. The mixed matrix membrane is preferably in the form of a dense film or a hollow fiber. A mixture containing carbon dioxide and methane can be enriched in methane by selective passage of carbon dioxide over methane in a gas-phase process through the membrane. 1. A method for inputting a desired character in a non-alphabetic language, comprising: presenting a user with a graphical representation of an initial soft keyboard having a plurality of first keys, at least some of the first keys representing initial sounds; presenting the user with a graphical representation of a final soft keyboard having a plurality of second keys, at least some of the second keys representing final sounds, wherein each of the initial and final sounds can be represented by a single key, respectively, on the initial soft keyboard and final soft keyboard; and determining the desired character at least in part as a function of a user selection of one of the first keys and one of the second keys. 2. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the graphical representations are displayed on a touch-sensitive screen, and wherein the user selections are received using the touch-sensitive screen. 3. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the graphical representations are displayed on a monitor, and wherein the user selections are received using at least one of a keyboard and a pointing device. 4. A method, according to claim 1, wherein one of the first keys is a shortcut key for inputting characters lacking an initial sound. 5. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising selectively enabling a second key if the final sound represented by the second key forms a valid combination with the initial sound represented by the selected first key. 6. A method, according to claim 5, further comprising referencing a table to determine which final sounds form valid combinations with the initial sound represented by the selected first key. 7. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving a user selection of a tone; and determining the desired character in part as a function of the selected tone. 8. A method, according to claim 7, further comprising presenting the user with a graphical representation of a tonal keyboard for selecting the tone. 9. A method, according to claim 7, wherein the user selects the tone using numeric keys of the final soft keyboard. 10. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising consulting a dictionary to determine the desired character. 11. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising determining the desired character in part as a function of at least one of contextual information and linguistic patterns. 12. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising determining the desired character using a statistical language model. 13. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising: presenting the user with a plurality of candidates determined as a function of the initial sound corresponding to the selected first key and the final sound corresponding to the selected second key; and receiving a user selection of one of the candidates as the desired character. 14. A method, according to claim 13, further comprising: storing a history of user selections of desired characters; and using the history in future determinations of desired characters. 15. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising: constructing a string at least in part as a function of the user selection of the first and second keys; and determining the desired character as a function of the string. 16. A method, according to claim 15, further comprising constructing the string in part as a function of a user selection of a tone. 17. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the non-alphabetic language is Chinese. 18. A method, according to claim 1, wherein each of the second keys assumes one of an enabled state and a disabled state, the assumed state being selected as a function of a user selection of one of the first keys. 19. A method for inputting a desired character in a non-alphabetic language, comprising: presenting a user with a graphical representation of an initial soft keyboard having a plurality of first keys, at least some of the first keys representing initi
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (24)
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Kulprathipanja Santi (Hoffman Estates IL) Neuzil Richard W. (Downers Grove IL) Li Norman N. (Arlington Heights IL), Separation of fluids by means of mixed matrix membranes.
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