초록 ▼

A fiber optic instrumentation line is introduced down a hydrocarbon (oil) well bore 12 by control line 16 formed by pressure tubing conduit fixed on the outside of intermediate casing 14 and set in cement slurry 21 between casing 14 and surrounding rock 13 and reaching to the hydrocarbon production

A fiber optic instrumentation line is introduced down a hydrocarbon (oil) well bore 12 by control line 16 formed by pressure tubing conduit fixed on the outside of intermediate casing 14 and set in cement slurry 21 between casing 14 and surrounding rock 13 and reaching to the hydrocarbon production zone 15. Hollow primary member 18 accepts distal end of control line 16 at the end of casing 14. Secondary member 22 having sealed terminal control line 27 on its outer surface is lowered through primary member 18 to zone 15, automatically angularly aligning and engaging respective top and bottom end couplings 24 and 20, sealing together a respective top and end of terminal control lines 27, 16 forming a continuous, high pressure, fiber optic receiving tube, from well head 10 to well bottom. Alternatively, two lines 16 linked by loop 26 provide a continuous control line returning to the surface.

대표청구항 ▼

A fiber optic instrumentation line is introduced down a hydrocarbon (oil) well bore 12 by control line 16 formed by pressure tubing conduit fixed on the outside of intermediate casing 14 and set in cement slurry 21 between casing 14 and surrounding rock 13 and reaching to the hydrocarbon production

A fiber optic instrumentation line is introduced down a hydrocarbon (oil) well bore 12 by control line 16 formed by pressure tubing conduit fixed on the outside of intermediate casing 14 and set in cement slurry 21 between casing 14 and surrounding rock 13 and reaching to the hydrocarbon production zone 15. Hollow primary member 18 accepts distal end of control line 16 at the end of casing 14. Secondary member 22 having sealed terminal control line 27 on its outer surface is lowered through primary member 18 to zone 15, automatically angularly aligning and engaging respective top and bottom end couplings 24 and 20, sealing together a respective top and end of terminal control lines 27, 16 forming a continuous, high pressure, fiber optic receiving tube, from well head 10 to well bottom. Alternatively, two lines 16 linked by loop 26 provide a continuous control line returning to the surface. e incorporated therein, the foot supporting portion disposed within and substantially filling the vessel while facilitating substantially free flow of liquid through void space of the filler material. 2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 further comprising a drain portion extending through the vessel, the drain portion being further comprised of a tubular portion communicating between the vessel and a disposal. 3. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein an inclined transition portion extends between the floor and the top surface of the foot-supporting portion. 4. The apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein an inclined transition portion extends between the floor and the top surface of the foot-supporting portion. 5. The apparatus defined in claim 4 wherein the bottom portion is inclined toward the drain portion. 6. The apparatus defined in claim 4 wherein the drain portion is further comprised of a multiplicity of fluid-conducting tubes, the tubes being hydraulically interconnected to a common conduit through which fluid is removed by a pump. 7. A method for supporting the feet of workers above spilled liquid, comprising: a. placing a generally broad, shallow, impermeable vessel having a generally horizontal, floor contacting bottom portion and a generally vertical peripheral wall portion on the floor of the work area, b. placing a foot-supporting portion formed of fluid permeable non-absorptive material substantially filling the vessel while facilitating a substantially free flow of fluid within the vessel, c. retaining fluid that falls in the vicinity of the workers feet in the vessel, and d. supporting the feet of the workers on the foot-supporting portion as fluid accumulates in the vessel. 8. The method defined in claim 7 further comprising the step of draining collected fluid from the vessel. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the step of draining fluid from the vessel is performed using a pump. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of placing an inclined transition portion between the floor and the vessel. 11. The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of placing an inclined transition portion between the floor and the vessel. 12. The method defined in claim 11 further comprising the step of draining collected liquid from the vessel. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of draining liquid from the vessel is performed using a pump. 14. A method for making a disposable fluid control island for selectably collecting, retaining and draining fluids from the vicinity of the feet of workers comprising the steps of: a. forming a generally broad, shallow, impermeable vessel, b. forming a foot-supporting portion of non-absorptive filler material, the filler material having a substantial liquid receiving void space therein, the foot supporting bottom portion filler material disposed within and substantially filling the vessel while facilitating a substantially free flow of fluid through the void space within the vessel. 15. The method defined in claim 14 further comprising the step of making a drain portion comprised of tubular material that extends through the vessel. 16. The method defined in claim 15 further comprising the step of fitting an inclined transition portion between the floor and the periphery of the top surface of the foot-supporting portion. 17. The method defined in claim 15 further comprising the step of inclining the bottom of the vessel toward the drain portion. 18. The method defined in claim 16 further comprising the step of inclining the bottom of the vessel toward the drain portion. 19. A disposable fluid control island for selectably collecting, retaining and draining fluids from the vicinity of the feet of workers, comprising: a. a generally broad, shallow, impermeable vessel having a generally horizontal, floor contacting, bottom portion and a generally vertical peripheral portion; b. a foot supporting portion with a bottom surface and a top surface spaced apa rt from the bottom surface by filler, the filler constructed of non-absorptive material having substantial fluid-receiving void space, the foot supporting portion disposed within and substantially filling the vessel, c. a drain portion operatively coupled to drain fluid passing through the void space of non-absorptive material of the foot-supporting portion, the drain portion being further comprised of a tubular portion communicating between the vessel and a disposal, d. an inclined transition portion disposed in communicating relationship between the floor and the top surface of the foot-supporting portion. 20. The apparatus defined in claim 19 wherein the bottom portion is inclined toward the drain portion. 21. The apparatus defined in claim 20 wherein the drain portion is further comprised of a multiplicity of fluid-conducting tubes, the tubes being hydraulically interconnected to a common conduit through which fluid is removed by a pump. 22. The apparatus defined in claim 19 wherein the filler is comprised of a non-woven polymer mesh. 23. The apparatus defined in claim 20 wherein the filler is comprised of a non-woven polymer mesh. 24. The apparatus defined in claim 21 wherein the filler is comprised of a non-woven polymer mesh. 25. The apparatus defined in claim 19 wherein the filler is comprised of a non-woven polymer mesh. 26. The apparatus defined in claim 20 wherein the filler is comprised of a non-woven polymer mesh. 27. The apparatus defined in claim 21 wherein the filler is comprised of a non-woven polymer mesh. cing the burn rate of a smoking article is provided. Specifically, the burn rate is reduced by incorporating into a paper wrapper of the smoking article a filler (e.g., precipitated calcium carbonate) having a median particle size greater than about 2.5 microns. For instance, such paper wrappers formed according to the present invention typically have a Diffusion Conductance Index (DCI) of less than about 15 cm-1and a Static Burn Rate (SBR) of less than about 5 millimeters per minute. the adhesive further comprises a second ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, wherein the second ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprises 28 weight percent vinyl acetate with a melt index of 6 to 40 dg/min. 15. A cigarette filter according to claim 13 wherein the adhesive further comprises a polymeric additive selected from the group consisting of ethylene methyl acrylate polymers containing 10 to 28 weight percent by weight methyl acrylate, ethylene acrylic acid copolymers having an acid number of 25 to 150, methyl (meth)acrylate copolymers, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(butene-1-co-ethylene) polymers and low molecular weight and/or low melt index ethylene n-butyl acrylate copolymers, and combinations thereof. 16. A cigarette filter according to claim 1 wherein the adhesive comprises 30 to 60 weight percent polyethylene polymer with melt index of 5000 to 2000 dg/min at 190° C., a density of 0.900 to 0.930, and a softening point less than 110° C. 17. A cigarette filter according to claim 1 wherein the adhesive comprises blends selected from the group consisting of blends of EnBA and EVA polymers; blends of polyethylene and EVA; blends of poly α-olefin and EVA; and combinations thereof. 18. A cigarette filter according to claim 1 wherein the hot melt adhesive comprises: a) 31 parts paraffin wax with a softening point of 150° F.; b) 21 parts ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with a melt index of 400 and a vinyl acetate content of 28%; c) 11 parts or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with a melt index of 43 and a vinyl acetate content of 28%; d) 37 parts of alpha-methyl styrene tackifying resins; and e) 0.5 parts of an antioxidant stabilizer. 19. A cigarette filter according to claim 1 wherein the hot melt adhesive comprises: a) 50 parts polyethylene; b) 40 parts of an aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon tackifying resin; c) 10 parts of a microcrystalline wax with a softening point of 195° F.; and d) 0.2 parts of an antioxidant stabilizer. 20. The process for preparing a cigarette filter comprising applying a low application temperature hot melt adhesive to porous and/or nonporous plugwrap paper. 21. The process according to claim 20 wherein the adhesive comprises at least one ethylene copolymer. 22. The process according to claim 20 wherein the adhesive comprises ethylene n-butyl acrylate copolymer comprising 10 to 40 weight percent n-butyl acrylate with a melt index of at least 40 dg/min, and optionally a second ethylene n-butyl acrylate copolymer, wherein the second ethylene n-butyl acrylate copolymer comprises 25 to 35 weight percent n-butyl acrylate. 23. The process according to claim 20 wherein the adhesive comprises: a) 10 to 40 weight percent ethylene n-butyl acrylate comprising 10 to 40 weight percent n-butyl acrylate with a melt index of at least 400 dg/min; b) 10 to 60 weight percent tackifier; c) 0 to 35 weight percent wax; and d) optionally 1 to 25 weight percent of a second ethylene n-butyl acrylate, wherein the second ethylene n-butyl acrylate comprises 33 to 35 weight percent n-butyl acrylate with a melt index of 40 dg/min. 24. The process according to claim 20 wherein the adhesive comprises: a) 15 to 45% ethylene n-butyl acrylate copolymers having a melt index of at least 200; b) 25 to 55% a-methyl styrene tackifying resins; and c) 15 to 40% of a low melting point paraffin wax. 25. The process according to claim 20 wherein the adhesive comprises: a) from 20 to 40 weight percent of an ethylene/α-olefin copolymer; b) from 20 to 40 weight percent tackifier; and c) from 10 to 40 weight percent wax. 26. The process according to claim 25 wherein the ethylene/α-olefin copolymer has a composition distribution breath index greater than 50% and Mw/Mn less than 6. 27. The process according to claim 25 wherein the ethylene/α-olefin copolymer has a melt index of 40 to 1000 dg/min, a melt point of 71 to 90° C., a density of 0.850 to 0.92, a composition distribution breath index great er than 50%, and Mw/Mn less than 6. 28. The process according to claim 20 wherein the adhesive comprises ethylene vinyl acetate comprising 5 to 45 weight percent vinyl acetate with a melt index of at least 400 dg/min. 29. The process according to claim 20 wherein the adhesive comprises 30 to 60 weight percent polyethylene polymer with melt index of 5000 to 2000 dg/min at 190° C., a density of 0.900 to 0.930, and a softening point less than 110° C. 30. The process according to claim 20 wherein the adhesive comprises blends selected from the group consisting of blends of EnBA and EVA polymers; blends of polyethylene and EVA; blends of poly α-olefin and EVA; and combinations thereof. 31. The process according to claim 20 wherein the adhesive comprises: a) 31 parts paraffin wax with a softening point of 150° F.; b) 21 parts ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with a melt index of 400 and a vinyl acetate content of 28%; c) 11 parts or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with a melt index of 43 and a vinyl acetate content of 28%; d) 37 parts of alpha-methyl styrene tackifying resins; and e) 0.5 parts of an antioxidant stabilizer. 32. The process according to claim 20 wherein the adhesive comprises: a) 50 parts polyethylene; b) 40 parts of an aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon tackifying resin; c) 10 parts of a microcrystalline wax with a softening point of 195° F.; and d) 0.2 parts of an antioxidant stabilizer. 33. A cigarette comprising the filter of claim 1.