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A laser system and techniques which compensate for laser fluence drop off or losses of irradiation as an ablating laser beam is traversed on a curved surface (e.g., on corneal tissue). The disclosed ablating laser system and techniques compensate for fluence differentials from pulse-to-pulse by adju

A laser system and techniques which compensate for laser fluence drop off or losses of irradiation as an ablating laser beam is traversed on a curved surface (e.g., on corneal tissue). The disclosed ablating laser system and techniques compensate for fluence differentials from pulse-to-pulse by adjusting an appropriate parameter of a laser beam. In the preferred embodiment, the number of pulses imparted in the periphery, the size or shape of the ablating laser beam is adjusted with, e.g., a variable aperture placed in the beam delivery path, by changing a magnification of relay optics in the beam delivery path, or by increasing a number of ablation spots in peripheral portions of an ablation zone as compared with the number of ablation spots in a central portion of the ablation zone. The fluence is compensated for using empirically measured or theoretical fluence correction factors given the angle of the laser beam, size and shape of the ablation spot, etc. In addition to magnification adjustment, the present invention also employs the technique of changing the size of the aperture that is imaged o the eye to provide uniform energy density (i.e., fluence) throughout the entire area of the irradiation site. These techniques are used independently or in conjunction to reshape the curvature of the eye to correct myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism or combinations thereof.

대표청구항 ▼

A laser system and techniques which compensate for laser fluence drop off or losses of irradiation as an ablating laser beam is traversed on a curved surface (e.g., on corneal tissue). The disclosed ablating laser system and techniques compensate for fluence differentials from pulse-to-pulse by adju

A laser system and techniques which compensate for laser fluence drop off or losses of irradiation as an ablating laser beam is traversed on a curved surface (e.g., on corneal tissue). The disclosed ablating laser system and techniques compensate for fluence differentials from pulse-to-pulse by adjusting an appropriate parameter of a laser beam. In the preferred embodiment, the number of pulses imparted in the periphery, the size or shape of the ablating laser beam is adjusted with, e.g., a variable aperture placed in the beam delivery path, by changing a magnification of relay optics in the beam delivery path, or by increasing a number of ablation spots in peripheral portions of an ablation zone as compared with the number of ablation spots in a central portion of the ablation zone. The fluence is compensated for using empirically measured or theoretical fluence correction factors given the angle of the laser beam, size and shape of the ablation spot, etc. In addition to magnification adjustment, the present invention also employs the technique of changing the size of the aperture that is imaged o the eye to provide uniform energy density (i.e., fluence) throughout the entire area of the irradiation site. These techniques are used independently or in conjunction to reshape the curvature of the eye to correct myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism or combinations thereof. a direction away from the Vitamin D solution; wherein the inner layer has a volume, calculable by multiplying the inside surface area of the inner layer by the thickness of the inner layer, of not greater than 30 cm3per μmol of Vitamin D or the derivative thereof in the Vitamin D solution. 6. The holder according to claim 5, wherein the outer layer further comprises a resin that does not substantially absorb any Vitamin D. 7. A holder for a Vitamin D solution, comprising: a solution holding portion defined by an enclosure having a multi-layer structure; and a Vitamin D solution comprising Vitamin D or a derivative thereof contained in the solution holding portion; wherein the multi-layer structure comprises an inner layer having an inside surface area in contact with the Vitamin D solution and a thickness, an outer layer outside the inner layer in a direction away from the Vitamin D solution, and an intermediate layer between the inner layer and the outer layer; wherein the inner layer has a volume, calculable by multiplying the inside surface area of the inner layer by the thickness of the inner layer, of not greater than 30 cm3per μmol of Vitamin D or the derivative thereof in the Vitamin D solution; and wherein the inner layer comprises a polyolefin, the intermediate layer comprises a cyclic olefin copolymer, and the outer layer comprises a polyolefin. 8. A transfusion fluid container, comprising: a holder having a solution holding portion defined by a walled enclosure comprising walls made of a polyolefin, wherein the walls of the walled enclosure have an inside surface area facing an interior of the solution holding portion and a wall thickness; and a Vitamin D solution comprising Vitamin D or a derivative thereof contained in the solution holding portion; wherein the walls of the walled enclosure have a volume, calculable by multiplying the inside surface area of the walls of the walled enclosure by the wall thickness of the walls of the walled enclosure, of not greater than 30 cm3per μmol of Vitamin D or the derivative thereof in the Vitamin D solution; and wherein the transfusion fluid container further comprises a first flexible compartment isolated from the holder. 9. The transfusion fluid container according to claim 8, comprising a material that is the same as that used for the holder for the Vitamin D solution or a material that is the same as that used in an outermost layer of the holder; and an edge of a peripherally sealed portion of the holder for the Vitamin D solution sandwiched between peripheral portions of the container. 10. The transfusion fluid container according to claim 8, comprising a second compartment divided from the first compartment by a partition that allows fluid communication therethrough, in which solution (B) comprising amino acids, is contained in one of the first and second compartments, solution (A) comprising a reducing sugar, is contained in the other of the first and second compartments, and the holder for the Vitamin D solution is accommodated in either one of the first and second compartments. 11. The transfusion fluid container according to claim 10, wherein solution (A) further comprises Vitamin B1, solution (B) further comprises folic acid, and the Vitamin D solution further comprises other fat-soluble vitamins and Vitamin C, wherein Vitamin B2 is incorporated into solution (B) or the Vitamin D solution and the pHs of solution (A), solution (B) and the Vitamin D solution are adjusted to 3.5-4.5, 5.0-7.0 and 5.0-7.0, respectively. 12. The transfusion fluid container according to claim 11, wherein solution (A) further comprises a pantothenic acid derivative, and Vitamin B2 is incorporated into the Vitamin D solution. 13. The transfusion fluid container according to claim 11, wherein solution (B) further comprises Vitamin B12. 14. The transfusion fluid container according to claim 11, wherein solution (A) further comprises Vi