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A two-wire field-mounted process device with multiple isolated channels includes a channel that can be an input channel or an output channel. The given input or output channel can couple to multiple sensors or actuators, respectively. The process device is wholly powered by the two-wire process cont

A two-wire field-mounted process device with multiple isolated channels includes a channel that can be an input channel or an output channel. The given input or output channel can couple to multiple sensors or actuators, respectively. The process device is wholly powered by the two-wire process control loop. The process device includes a controller adapted to measure one or more characteristics of sensors coupled to an input channel and to control actuators coupled to an output channel. The controller can be further adapted to execute a user generated control algorithm relating process input information with process output commands. The process device also includes a loop communicator that is adapted to communicate over the two-wire loop.

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A two-wire field-mounted process device with multiple isolated channels includes a channel that can be an input channel or an output channel. The given input or output channel can couple to multiple sensors or actuators, respectively. The process device is wholly powered by the two-wire process cont

A two-wire field-mounted process device with multiple isolated channels includes a channel that can be an input channel or an output channel. The given input or output channel can couple to multiple sensors or actuators, respectively. The process device is wholly powered by the two-wire process control loop. The process device includes a controller adapted to measure one or more characteristics of sensors coupled to an input channel and to control actuators coupled to an output channel. The controller can be further adapted to execute a user generated control algorithm relating process input information with process output commands. The process device also includes a loop communicator that is adapted to communicate over the two-wire loop. ares regression: A tutorial. Analytica Chimica Acta. 1986; 185:1-17. Grabner et al., The blood-aqueous barrier and its permeability for proteins of different molecular weight. 207":137-148, 1978. Haaland et al., Partial least squares methods for pectral analysis. 1. Relation to other quantitative calibration methods and the extraction of qualitative information. Anal. Chem. 1988: 60; 1193-1210. Lambert et al., Measurement of physiologic glucose levels using Raman spectroscopy in a rabbit aqueous humor model. LEOS Newsletter 12:19-22, 1998. Lobanov et al., Analysis of ethanol-glucose mixtures by two microbial sensors: application of chemometrics and artificial neural networks for data processing. Bisens. and Bioelectro. 16:1001-1007, 2001. Marose et al., Optical Senson systems for bioprocess monitoring. Trends in Biotechnology 17:30-34, 1999. Marquardt et al., A Raman waveguide detector for liquid chromatography. Anal Chemistry 71:4808-4814, 1999. Mian et al., Comparison of fluconazole pharmacokinetics in serum, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid following a single dose and at steady state. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 14:459-471, 1998. Pelletier et al., Efficient elimination of fluorescence background from Raman spectra collected in a liquid core optical fiber. Applied Spectroscopy 54: 1837-1841, 2000. Rebrin et al., Subcutaneous glucose predicts plasma glucose independent of insulin: implications for continuous monitoring. Am J. Physiol. Endo. Metab. 277:E561-E571, 1999. Schlingemann et al., Ciliary muscle capillaries have blood-tissue barrier characteristics. Exp. Eye Res. 66:747-754, 1998. Shaw et al., Noninvasive, on-line monitoring of the biotranformation by yeast of glucose to ethanol using dispersive Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. Applied Spectroscopy 53:1419-1428, 1999. Sivakesava et al., Monitoring a bioprocess for ethanol production using FT-MIR and Ft-Raman spectroscopy. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 26:185-190, 2001. Unger et al., Disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier following paracentesis in the rabbit. Exp. Eye Res. 20:255-270, 1975. Walfren et al., Appl. Spec. 1972, 26:585. Wientjes et al, Determination of time delay between blood and interstitial adipose tissue glucose concentration change by microdialysis in healthy volunteers. Int. J. Artificial Organs 24:884-889, 2001. uclear spin nucleus in said hydrogenated MR imaging agent; (iv) detecting magnetic resonance signals of said non-zero nuclear spin nucleus from said sample; and (v) optionally, generating an image or biological functional data or dynamic flow data from said detected signals. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said enriched hydrogen has a more than 45% proportion of para-hydrogen. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said MR imaging agent precursor comprises nuclei selected from F, Li, C, N, Si and P nuclei. 4. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said non-zero nuclear spin nucleus is 13C. 5. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said non-zero nuclear spin nucleus is present at a level greater than its natural isotopic abundance. 6. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said precursor comprises a hydrogenatable unsaturated carbon-carbon bond. 7. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein in said MR imaging agent the coupling constant (J) between said non-zero spin nucleus and a proton deriving from para-hydrogen is between 10 and 100 Hz. 8. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the nmr signal from said non-zero nuclear spin nucleus in said MR imaging agent has a line width of less than 10 Hz. 9. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said MR imaging agent is water-soluble. 10. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the chemical shift and/or the coupling constant of said non-zero nuclear spin nucleus in said MR imaging agent is sensitive to the physicochemical environment of said agent. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein said non-zero nuclear spin nucleus in said MR imaging agent is sensitive to pH and wherein said signals are manipulated to produce an image or data indicative of pH. 12. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein step (i) is effected in a magnetic field smaller than the earth's ambient field, preferably a magnetic field of less than 10 μT. 13. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step (iii) said sample is exposed to a 90° pulse of radiation of a frequency selected to excite nuclear spin transitions of said non-zero nuclear spin nucleus followed by 180° pulses of said radiation, where the time interval between said 180° pulses is 2τ and the time interval between said 90° pulse and the subsequent 180° pulse is τ plus Δτ where Δτ is 1/(2J) where J is the coupling constant of said non-zero nuclear spin nucleus in said MR imaging agent. 14. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step (iii) said sample is exposed to a 90° pulse of radiation of a frequency selected to excite nuclear spin transitions of said non-zero nuclear spin nucleus followed at time intervals of 2τ by 180° pulses of said radiation of the same phase and where for the first n said 180° pulses said sample is simultaneously exposed to 180° pulses of radiation of a frequency selected to excite proton nuclear spin transitions, the relation between n and τ being τ=1/(4nJ) where J is the coupling constant of said n on-zero nuclear spin nucleus in said MR imaging agent. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein said hydrogenatable MR imaging agent precursor is a precursor compound: (i) comprising a hydrogenatable unsaturated bond; (ii) comprising a non-hydrogen non zero nuclear spin nucleus at greater than natural isotopic abundance; (iii) having a molecular weight below 1000 D; and (iv) which following hydrogenation has an nmr spectrum for said non-hydrogen non zero nuclear spin nucleus which is a multiplet having a coupling constant relative to one of the hydrogens introduced by hydrogenation of 1 to 300 Hz and having a linewidth of less than 100 Hz, and wherein when said precursor compound is a 13C enriched compound then said nucleus is a quaternary carbon nucleus. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein said precursor compound comprises the following molecular sub-units: (i) at least one C=C or C≡C bonds; (ii) a C, N or Si atom separated by one or two bonds from a C=C or C≡C bond