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A bi-directional telemetry system includes an implanted unit that allows a high-speed transfer of digital data with minimal complexity of the electronic circuitry. A corresponding external unit is capable of decoding the high-data-rate transmitted information and, in turn, communicates with the impl

A bi-directional telemetry system includes an implanted unit that allows a high-speed transfer of digital data with minimal complexity of the electronic circuitry. A corresponding external unit is capable of decoding the high-data-rate transmitted information and, in turn, communicates with the implanted unit using pulse amplitude modulation. The data transmission rate of the implanted unit to the external device is 32 kbps, a four-fold increase over conventional data transmission rates, without increasing the carrier frequency. To this end, the implanted unit using a modified implementation of the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) method that generates the required symbols from readily available squarewave signals. Simulated sinewaves are generated within the transmitter by an inverting amplifier stage with variable input resistance determined by a pair of switches that are ultimately controlled by 16 k and 32 k clocks in the implanted unit. Data is encoded by changing the amplitude and polarity of the simulated sinewaves. Quadrupling of the data rate is achieved by taking advantage of the orthogonality of I and Q components, whose phases are in quadrature.

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A bi-directional telemetry system includes an implanted unit that allows a high-speed transfer of digital data with minimal complexity of the electronic circuitry. A corresponding external unit is capable of decoding the high-data-rate transmitted information and, in turn, communicates with the impl

A bi-directional telemetry system includes an implanted unit that allows a high-speed transfer of digital data with minimal complexity of the electronic circuitry. A corresponding external unit is capable of decoding the high-data-rate transmitted information and, in turn, communicates with the implanted unit using pulse amplitude modulation. The data transmission rate of the implanted unit to the external device is 32 kbps, a four-fold increase over conventional data transmission rates, without increasing the carrier frequency. To this end, the implanted unit using a modified implementation of the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) method that generates the required symbols from readily available squarewave signals. Simulated sinewaves are generated within the transmitter by an inverting amplifier stage with variable input resistance determined by a pair of switches that are ultimately controlled by 16 k and 32 k clocks in the implanted unit. Data is encoded by changing the amplitude and polarity of the simulated sinewaves. Quadrupling of the data rate is achieved by taking advantage of the orthogonality of I and Q components, whose phases are in quadrature. t direction of a concavo-convex sheet, for removing toner adhered to concavities of a concavo-convex sheet in the second mode. 13. An image forming apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the controller modifies operating conditions of the image forming apparatus based on the mode that is switched to by the mode-switching unit. 14. An image forming method comprising the steps of: switching between a plurality of modes, wherein the plurality of modes includes a first mode and a second mode; forming an image, when the first mode has been switched to in the step of switching, by controlling a general purpose sheet along a first path and applying toner onto the general-purpose sheet; and forming an image, when the second mode has been switched to in the step of switching, by controlling a concavo-convex sheet along a second path and applying toner onto the concavo-convex sheet having a concavo-convex surface on which is formed many concavities capable of receiving toner, wherein at least a portion of the first and second paths is different. 15. An image forming method in accordance with claim 14, further comprising the step of: detecting whether a sheet is a general-purpose sheet or a concavo-convex sheet, wherein, in the step of switching, the first mode is switched to when, in the step of detecting, the sheet is detected to be a general-purpose sheet, and wherein, in the step of switching, the second mode is switched to when, in the step of detecting, the sheet is detected to be a concavo-convex sheet. 16. An image forming method in accordance with claim 14, further comprising the steps of: receiving sheets from a removable source of sheets; and detecting whether the removable source of sheets is a source of general-purpose sheets or a source of concavo-convex sheets, wherein, in the step of switching, the first mode is switched to when, in the step of detecting, the source of sheets is detected to be a source of general-purpose sheets, and wherein, in the step of switching, the second mode is switched to when, in the step of detecting,