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A process for separating nitrogen from a multicomponent gas mixture containing nitrogen and a hydrocarbon, such as natural gas or associated gas, using gas-separation membranes selective for nitrogen over the hydrocarbon. The membranes use a selective layer made from a polymer having repeating units

A process for separating nitrogen from a multicomponent gas mixture containing nitrogen and a hydrocarbon, such as natural gas or associated gas, using gas-separation membranes selective for nitrogen over the hydrocarbon. The membranes use a selective layer made from a polymer having repeating units of a fluorinated polymer, and demonstrate good resistance to plasticization by the organic components in the gas mixture under treatment, and good recovery after exposure to liquid aromatic hydrocarbons.

대표청구항 ▼

A process for separating nitrogen from a multicomponent gas mixture containing nitrogen and a hydrocarbon, such as natural gas or associated gas, using gas-separation membranes selective for nitrogen over the hydrocarbon. The membranes use a selective layer made from a polymer having repeating units

A process for separating nitrogen from a multicomponent gas mixture containing nitrogen and a hydrocarbon, such as natural gas or associated gas, using gas-separation membranes selective for nitrogen over the hydrocarbon. The membranes use a selective layer made from a polymer having repeating units of a fluorinated polymer, and demonstrate good resistance to plasticization by the organic components in the gas mixture under treatment, and good recovery after exposure to liquid aromatic hydrocarbons. ped and gas is supplied to said spray device, thus purging the water in said water spray device. 7. A method of limiting or preventing generation of fume dust during handling of molten metal, comprising: generating steam by introducing a water spray or water mist by a water spray device when said molten metal is being poured into a vessel, and controlling an amount of steam introduced into said vessel or at a surface of said molten metal that an oxygen concentration inside said vessel or at said surface of said molten metal is reduced to essentially prevent creation or oxidation of fine molten metal particles in said vessel or at said molten metal surface, wherein said spray is formed at a location spaced apart from said molten metal, and said molten metal is located at another location and maintained in an atmosphere at a temperature at said other location, and wherein sprayed water particles are sprayed in a manner to form a water particle size causing them to be substantially completely vaporized when they are sprayed into contact with said molten metal, the water particle size being based on the distance between the spraying location and the molten metal surface, and also based on said atmosphere temperature. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the particle size of said sprayed water particles is controlled on the basis of the following formula: r≤kL(T-100) wherein r designates the particle size of said sprayed water particles in μm; L designates the distance between said spraying location and said molten metal surface; T designates said atmospheric temperature; and k represents a particle size determination constant, and wherein the value of r is about 500 μm or above. 9. A method of limiting or preventing generation of fume dust during handling of molten metal, comprising: generating steam by introducing a water spray or water mist by a water spray device when said molten metal is being poured into a vessel, and controlling an amount of steam introduced into said vessel or at a surface of said molten metal that an oxygen concentration inside said vessel or at said surface of said molten metal is reduced to essentially prevent creation or oxidation of fine molten metal particles in said vessel or at said molten metal surface, wherein water spray or water mist is sprayed upon said molten metal flow while said metal is pouring into said vessel. 10. A method of limiting or preventing generation of fume dust during handling of molten metal, comprising: generating steam by introducing a water spray or water mist by a water spray device when said molten metal is being poured into a vessel, and controlling an amount of steam introduced into said vessel or at a surface of said molten metal that an oxygen concentration inside said vessel or at said surface of said molten metal is reduced to essentially prevent creation or oxidation of fine molten metal particles in said vessel or at said molten metal surface, wherein said oxygen concentration in said vessel is reduced by spraying water mist into said vessel before beginning pouring said molten metal, and wherein said spraying is conducted under conditions wherein sprayed water mist particles have a particle size causing them to be substantially completely vaporized before they reach the bottom of the vessel. 11. In a method of limiting or preventing generation of fume dust during handling of molten metal, comprising: generating steam by introducing a water spray or water mist by a water spray device when said molten metal is being poured into a vessel, and controlling an amount of steam introduced into said vessel or at a surface of said molten metal that an oxygen concentration inside said vessel or at said surface of said molten metal is reduced to essentially prevent creation or oxidation of fine molten metal particles in said vessel or at said molten metal surface, the steps comprising: supplying gas to the water spray device which is provided so as to supply water spray or water mist to a molten metal flow and/or said vessel, before pouring said molten metal; supplying water to said water spray device to supply water mist into said vessel; stopping introduction of gas supply after initiation of pouring said molten metal so as to convert to water spray only and spraying water to said molten metal flow and/or said vessel; and supplying gas to said water spray device before completion of pouring said molten metal, thereby converting water spray to water mist spray, and then stopping the supply of water after completion of pouring while continuing the flow of said gas so as to purge said water spray device with said gas. 12. A method of limiting or preventing generation of fume dust during handling of molten metal comprising: generating steam by introducing a water spray or water mist by a water spray device when said molten metal is being poured into a vessel; controlling an amount of steam introduced into said vessel or at a surface of said molten metal that an oxygen concentration inside said vessel or at said surface of said molten metal is reduced to essentially prevent creation or oxidation of fine molten metal particles in said vessel or at said molten metal surface; and measuring the oxygen concentration in said vessel and controlling operational conditions of said spraying based upon oxygen concentration reduction. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12, wherein said oxygen concentration in said vessel is reduced by spraying water mist into said vessel before beginning the step of pouring said molten metal. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, 7-9, 10, 11 and 12, wherein said molten metal is selected from the group consisting of molten iron and molten steel. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, 7-9, 10, 11 and 12, wherein said oxygen concentration inside said vessel or at said molten metal surface is reduced about 12% by volume or less. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein said oxygen concentration is reduced about 8% by volume or less.