초록 ▼

A catalytic converter substrate is provided with a large number of continuous flow paths for a fluid medium and with carrier elements for a catalyst material extending in the longitudinal direction of the flow paths. In order to create a substrate that leads to a catalytic converter with low pressur

A catalytic converter substrate is provided with a large number of continuous flow paths for a fluid medium and with carrier elements for a catalyst material extending in the longitudinal direction of the flow paths. In order to create a substrate that leads to a catalytic converter with low pressure losses and low inertia with increased efficiency, carrier elements are provided that display edges around which flow is possible in the longitudinal direction of the flow paths. The carrier elements are designed in the form of wires 45, which are located in the middle of flow ducts 41, where the flow ducts are formed by an arrangement of foil layers 40. Stiffening wires 42, extending perpendicular to the foil layers, are provided for stabilisation of the substrate.

대표청구항 ▼

A catalytic converter substrate is provided with a large number of continuous flow paths for a fluid medium and with carrier elements for a catalyst material extending in the longitudinal direction of the flow paths. In order to create a substrate that leads to a catalytic converter with low pressur

A catalytic converter substrate is provided with a large number of continuous flow paths for a fluid medium and with carrier elements for a catalyst material extending in the longitudinal direction of the flow paths. In order to create a substrate that leads to a catalytic converter with low pressure losses and low inertia with increased efficiency, carrier elements are provided that display edges around which flow is possible in the longitudinal direction of the flow paths. The carrier elements are designed in the form of wires 45, which are located in the middle of flow ducts 41, where the flow ducts are formed by an arrangement of foil layers 40. Stiffening wires 42, extending perpendicular to the foil layers, are provided for stabilisation of the substrate. from said source of water; a detector for detecting changes upon said interruption or reduction in the flow of methanol or water, in one or more operating characteristics of said fuel cell, and responsively producing a control signal; and a concentration regulator coupled to the source of methanol or to the source of water or both sources, and to the detector and the anode or the cathode, said regulator responsive to said control signal for varying the concentration of said methanol in said fuel cell such that cross-over of methanol is substantially minimized. 9. The system as in claim 8 wherein said detector comprises an analog to digital converter coupled to receive a potential indicative of said one more operating characteristics, and a microprocessor or microcontroller, coupled to said analog to digital converter and a memory, for generating said control signal. 10. The system as in claim 8 wherein said concentration regulator comprises a metering valve, a pump, or a combination thereof. 11. The system as in claim 8 wherein said detector detects changes in a potential across a load connected to said fuel cell and determining an amount time needed for said potential to begin to decrease or a rate of decrease of said potential. 12. The system as in claim 8 wherein said detector detects changes in a potential across a portion of the fuel cell stack. 13. The system as in claim 8 wherein said detector detects changes in a potential at a portion of an anode of said fuel cell which is proximate to an end of a methanol flow path. 14. The system as in claim 8 wherein said detector detects changes in an open circuit potential of said fuel cell. er: Catalytic Growth of Carbon Filaments, Carbon, vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 315-323, 1989. H. Alqahtany et al.: Methane Steam Reforming over Fe Electrodes in a Solid Electrolyte Cell, Energy & Fuels, 7, pp. 495-504, 1993.