초록

Non-absorbent articles are disclosed. The non-absorbent articles include an effective amount of an isoprenoid inhibitory compound such as a terpene to substantially inhibit the production of exotoxins by Gram positive bacteria.

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Non-absorbent articles are disclosed. The non-absorbent articles include an effective amount of an isoprenoid inhibitory compound such as a terpene to substantially inhibit the production of exotoxins by Gram positive bacteria. growth factors, overproduce ATP, decompose undesirable chemicals, suppre

Non-absorbent articles are disclosed. The non-absorbent articles include an effective amount of an isoprenoid inhibitory compound such as a terpene to substantially inhibit the production of exotoxins by Gram positive bacteria. growth factors, overproduce ATP, decompose undesirable chemicals, suppress growth of pathogenic microorganisms, or reduce undesirable odor. The biological fertilizer composition of the invention can replace mineral fertilizers in supplying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to crop plants. Methods of manufacturing biological fertilizer compositions, and methods of uses are also encompassed. and S2are each alkylene groups with 0-20 C atoms which can be linear or branched, it also being possible for one or more CH2groups to be replaced, in each case independently from each other, by --O--, --CO--, --S-- or --NW'-- with the proviso that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, A5and A6are, independently from each other, a) a cyclohexylene group, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2groups may be replaced by O or S atoms, b) an unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene group wherein one to three CH groups may be replaced by --N-- or a 1,4-phenylene group which is mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl and/or CH3, c) a bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalene group, Z3is, independently from each other, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH2CH2--, --CH2O--, --OCH2--, --C≡C-- or a single bond, and m is 1, 2, 3, or 4; wherein at least one of group Z3is C≡C--. 2. A compound of claim 1, wherein R' and R" are both reactive groups. 3. A compound of claim 1, wherein one of R' and R" is a reactive group and the other is an alkyl group of up 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogens and in which one or more CH2groups is in each case independently replaced by --O--, --S--, --CO--, --OCO--, --CO--O--, or --O--CO--O-- wherein O atoms are not directly linked to one another. 4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R' and R" are each selected from (meth)acrylate, epoxid, vinyl and styryl. 5. A compound of claim 1, where at least one of R' and R" is (meth)acrylate, epoxid, vinyl or styryl. 6. A compound of claim 1, wherein --(A5--Z3)m--A6-- is selected from formulae (1) to (4): --A5--Z3--A6-- (1) --A5--Z3--A5--Z3--A6-- (2) --A5--Z3--A5--Z3---A5--Z3A6-- (3) --A5--Z3--A5--Z3-A5--Z3--A5--Z3--A6 (4) 7. A compound of claim 6, wherein --(A5--Z3)m--A6-- is selected from formulae 2(a)-2(f), 3(a)-3(f), and 4(a)-4(f): -Phe-Z3-Phe- (2)a -Cyc-Z3-Cyc- (2)b -Phe-Z3-Cyc- (2)c -Pyr-Z3-Phe- (2)d -Pyd-Z3-Phe- (2)e -Dio-Z3-Cyc- (2)f -Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)a -Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)b -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Phe- (3)c -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc- (3)d -Pyr-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)e -Pyd-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)f -Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (4)a -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (4)b -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Phe- (4)c -Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Cyc- (4)d -Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (4)e -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc- (4)f wherein Cyc is 1,4-cyclohexylene, Phe is 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trifluorinated, Dio is 1,3-doixane-2,5-diyl, Pyd is pyridine-2,5-diyl, and Pyr is pyrimidine-2,5-diyl. 8. A compound of claim 1, wherein S1and S2are not identical. 9. A compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of S1and S2is a single bond. 10. A compound of claim 1, wherein other Z3groups are selected from --COO--, --OCO--, --CH2CH2-- and a single bond. 11. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R' and R" are each selected from (meth)acrylate, epoxid, vinyl and styryl, and wherein --(A5--Z3)m--A6-- is selected from formulae 2(a)-2(f), 3(a)-3(f), and 4(a)-4(f): -Phe-Z3-Phe- (2)a -Cyc-Z3-Cyc- (2)b -Phe-Z3-Cyc- (2)c -Pyr-Z3-Phe- (2)d -Pyd-Z3-Phe- (2)e -Dio-Z3-Cyc- (2)f -Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)a -Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)b -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Phe- (3)c -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc- (3)d -Pyr-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)e -Pyd-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)f -Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (4)a -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (4)b -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Phe- (4)c -Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Cyc- (4)d -Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (4)e -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc- (4)f wherein Cyc is 1,4-cyclohexylene, Phe is 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trifluorinated. Dio is 1,3-doixane-2,5-diyl, Pyd is pyridine-2,5-diyl, and Pyr is pyrimidine-2,5-diyl. 12. A compound of claim 1, wherein one of R' and R" is at least one of R' and R" is (meth)acrylate, epoxid, vinyl or styryl and the other is an alkyl group of up 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogens and in which one or more CH2groups is in each case independently replaced by --O--, --S--, --CO--, --OCO--, --CO--O--, or --O--CO--O--wherein O atoms are not directly linked to one another; and wherein --(A5--Z3)m-A6-- is selected from formulae 2(a)-2(f), 3(a)-3(f), and 4(a)-4(f): -Phe-Z3-Phe- (2)a -Cyc-Z3-Cyc- (2)b -Phe-Z3-Cyc- (2)c -Pyr-Z3-Phe- (2)d -Pyd-Z3-Phe- (2)e -Dio-Z3-Cyc- (2)f -Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)a -Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)b -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Phe- (3)c -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc- (3)d -Pyr-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)e -Pyd-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (3)f -Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (4)a -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (4)b -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Phe- (4)c -Cyc-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Cyc- (4)d -Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe-Z3-Phe- (4)e -Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc-Z3-Cyc- (4)f wherein Cyc is 1,4-cyclohexylene, Phe is 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trifluorinated, Dio is 1,3-doixane-2,5-diyl, Pyd is pyridine-2,5-diyl, and Pyr is pyrimidine-2,5-diyl. 13. A liquid crystalline mixture comprising at least two liquid crystalline compounds, at least one of which is a compound of claim 1. 14. A mixture according to claim 13, wherein said mixture contains at least one reactive liquid crystalline compound having one reactive group and at least one reactive liquid crystalline compound having two reactive groups. 15. A mixture of claim 13, further comprising one or more compounds of formula I wherein Z1and Z2independently of one another, are each a single bond, --CH2CH2--, --COO--, --OCO-- or independently of one another, are each trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, and one of can also be pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl or trans-1,3-dioxane-, X1and X2independently from one another, are each H or F, Q is CF2,OCF2,C2F4or a single bond, Y is H,F,Cl or CN, n is 0, 1 or 2, and R is alkyl having up to 13 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH2groups a re, optionally, replaced by --O--and/or --CH=CH--. 16. A mixture according to claim 15, wherein said mixture contains one or more compounds of formula I2, I3 and I4: and wherein R, in each case, is alkyl or alkoxy having 1-10. 17. A mixture according to claim 16, wherein in formulas I2, I3 and I4, R is n- alkyl or n-alkoxy having 1-10 C atoms. ide. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal halide particles are silver halide. 6. A method of patterning an optical property on an optical element, comprising: selectively applying an energy source in a localized manner to an optical element to pattern an optical property thereon; wherein the optical element further comprises metal halide particles dispersed in the optical element; wherein a mixture of copper halide and silver halide are dispersed in the optical element. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising preheating the optical element to a predetermined temperature prior to heating the selected portion of the optical element with sufficient energy for the metal halide particles to relax in shape. 8. A method of patterning an optical property on an optical element, comprising: selectively applying an energy source in a localized manner to an optical element to pattern an optical property thereon; wherein the optical element further comprises metal halide particles dispersed in the optical element; wherein applying an energy source in a localized manner comprises preheating the optical element and heating a small region of the optical element with sufficient energy for the metal halide particles to relax in shape; wherein the small region is heated with a gas-burning torch. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein preheating the optical element to a predetermined temperature comprises heating the optical element to a temperature below a glass transition temperature of the optical element to prevent thermal shock when selectively applying the energy source. 10. A method of patterning an optical property on an optical element, comprising: selectively applying an energy source in a localized manner to an optical element to pattern an optical property thereon; wherein the optical element further comprises metal halide particles dispersed in the optical element; wherein applying an energy source in a localized manner comprises preheating the optical element and heating a small region of the optical element with sufficient energy for the metal halide particles to relax in shape; wherein the small region is heated with a laser. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising placing a steel mask with holes drilled therethrough between the laser and the optical element. 12. A method of patterning an optical property on an optical element, comprising: selectively applying an energy source in a localized manner to an optical element to pattern an optical property thereon; wherein the optical element further comprises metal halide particles dispersed in the optical element; wherein applying an energy source in a localized manner comprises preheating the optical element, heating a small region of the optical element with sufficient energy for the metal halide particles to relax in shape; wherein the small region is heated with an electron beam. 13. A method of patterning an optical property on an optical element comprising: fusing pieces of optical element potentially containing the desired optical property with pieces of optical element without a potential or with a lesser potential to have the desired optical property by a heat treatment process; and developing the potential for desired optical property by further treatment. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the pieces of the optical element containing the potential for the desired optical property are bars of glass containing metal halide additive. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the pieces of the optical element containing the potential for the desired optical property are bars of glass containing phase-separated metal-halide particles. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the desired optical property is birefringence. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the metal halide particles comprise copper halide particles. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the metal halide particles comprise aluminum halide particles. 19. The method of claim