초록 ▼

A multi-step process for desulfurizing liquid petroleum fuels that also removes nitrogen-containing compounds and aromatics. The process steps are: thiophene extraction; thiophene oxidation; thiophene-oxide and -dioxide extraction; raffinate solvent recovery and polishing; extract solvent recovery;

A multi-step process for desulfurizing liquid petroleum fuels that also removes nitrogen-containing compounds and aromatics. The process steps are: thiophene extraction; thiophene oxidation; thiophene-oxide and -dioxide extraction; raffinate solvent recovery and polishing; extract solvent recovery; and recycle-solvent purification. The thiophene oxidation is accomplished with hydrogen peroxide and the extraction solvent is acetic acid in combination with secondary solvents. The operating conditions in the process are relatively mild at near ambient pressure and less than 145° C. throughout the process, and the only chemical consumed in the process is hydrogen peroxide. The process design can be modified to accommodate a variety of liquid hydrocarbon feeds. Depending on the selected feedstock and product specifications, several process design variations are readily apparent, including the design of the extraction process sections, the solvent purification sections and the elimination of the thiophene extraction section.

대표청구항 ▼

A multi-step process for desulfurizing liquid petroleum fuels that also removes nitrogen-containing compounds and aromatics. The process steps are: thiophene extraction; thiophene oxidation; thiophene-oxide and -dioxide extraction; raffinate solvent recovery and polishing; extract solvent recovery;

A multi-step process for desulfurizing liquid petroleum fuels that also removes nitrogen-containing compounds and aromatics. The process steps are: thiophene extraction; thiophene oxidation; thiophene-oxide and -dioxide extraction; raffinate solvent recovery and polishing; extract solvent recovery; and recycle-solvent purification. The thiophene oxidation is accomplished with hydrogen peroxide and the extraction solvent is acetic acid in combination with secondary solvents. The operating conditions in the process are relatively mild at near ambient pressure and less than 145° C. throughout the process, and the only chemical consumed in the process is hydrogen peroxide. The process design can be modified to accommodate a variety of liquid hydrocarbon feeds. Depending on the selected feedstock and product specifications, several process design variations are readily apparent, including the design of the extraction process sections, the solvent purification sections and the elimination of the thiophene extraction section. . Biol. Chem. 269:14303-14306 (1994), .COPYRGT.The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Dati et al., "Inhibition of c-erbB-2 oncogene expression by estrogens in human breast cancer cells," Oncogene 5:1001-1006 (1990). Decker and Lohmann-Matthes, "A Quick and Simple Method for the Quantitation of Lactate Dehydrogenase Release in Measurements of Cellular Cytotoxicity and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Activity," J. Immunol. Methods 115:61 (1988), .COPYRGT.Elsevier. Dougall et al., "The Neu-Oncogene: Signal Transduction Pathways, Transformation Mechanisms and Evolving Therapies," Oncogene 9:2109, (1994), .COPYRGT.Macmillian Press Ltd. Ferris et al., "Synthesis of Zuinazoline Nucleosides from Ribose and Anthranilonitrile. Application of Phase-Transfer Catalysis in Nucleoside Synthesis," J. Org. Chem. 44(2):173-178 (1979), .COPYRGT.American Chemical Society. Floege et al., "Factors involved in the regulation of mesangial cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo," Kidney International 43S:47-54 (1993). Gazit et al., "Tyrphostins. 1. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors," J. Med. Chem. 32:2344-2352 (1989). Gazit et al., "Tyrphostins. 2. Heterocyclic and α-Substituted Benzylidenemalononitrile Tyrphostins as Potent Inhibitors of EGF Receptor and ErbB2/neu Tyhrosine Kinases," 34:1896-1907 (1991). Gazit et al., "Tyrphostins. 3. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of a α-Substituted Benzylidenemalononitrile 5-S-Aryltyrphostins" J. Med. Chem. 36:3556-3564 (1993). Gottardis et al., "Estradiol-Stimulated Growth of MCF-7 Tumors Implanted in Athymic Mice: A Model to Study the Tumoristatic Action of Tamoxifen," J. Steroid Biochem. 30(1-6):331-314 (1988), Pergamon Press. Hale et al., "Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in cervical carcinoma," J. Clin. Pathol. 46:149-153 (1993). Harr