초록 ▼

Method and system for determining an optimal route for an aircraft moving between first and second waypoints in a general wind environment. A selected first wind environment is analyzed for which a nominal solution can be determined. A second wind environment is then incorporated; and a neighboring

Method and system for determining an optimal route for an aircraft moving between first and second waypoints in a general wind environment. A selected first wind environment is analyzed for which a nominal solution can be determined. A second wind environment is then incorporated; and a neighboring optimal control (NOC) analysis is performed to estimate an optimal route for the second wind environment. In particular examples with flight distances of 2500 and 6000 nautical miles in the presence of constant or piecewise linearly varying winds, the difference in flight time between a nominal solution and an optimal solution is 3.4 to 5 percent. Constant or variable winds and aircraft speeds can be used. Updated second wind environment information can be provided and used to obtain an updated optimal route.

대표청구항 ▼

Method and system for determining an optimal route for an aircraft moving between first and second waypoints in a general wind environment. A selected first wind environment is analyzed for which a nominal solution can be determined. A second wind environment is then incorporated; and a neighboring

Method and system for determining an optimal route for an aircraft moving between first and second waypoints in a general wind environment. A selected first wind environment is analyzed for which a nominal solution can be determined. A second wind environment is then incorporated; and a neighboring optimal control (NOC) analysis is performed to estimate an optimal route for the second wind environment. In particular examples with flight distances of 2500 and 6000 nautical miles in the presence of constant or piecewise linearly varying winds, the difference in flight time between a nominal solution and an optimal solution is 3.4 to 5 percent. Constant or variable winds and aircraft speeds can be used. Updated second wind environment information can be provided and used to obtain an updated optimal route. electromagnetic radiation that are reflected by the exterior surface of the skin and any liquid closely associated with the exterior surface of the skin. 16. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the transmitting mechanism is operative so that the first and second types of electromagnetic radiation are not detectable by a naked eye of a human. 17. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein: the transmitting mechanism comprises: a first transmitter for transmitting electromagnetic radiation with at least one wavelength selected from the range of approximately 1500-1600 nm, and a second transmitter for transmitting electromagnetic radiation with at least one wavelength selected from outside of the range of the first transmitter; and the detecting mechanism comprises: a first detector for detecting electromagnetic radiation transmitted by the first transmitter, and a second detector for detecting electromagnetic radiation transmitted by the second transmitter. 18. An apparatus for quantifying dermal hydration in a region, the apparatus comprising: a transmitting mechanism for transmitting at least first and second types of electromagnetic radiation so that the first and second types of electromagnetic radiation are incident upon and reflected by the region, wherein the second type of