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A pneumatic actuator adapted for placement between a pair of spaced members for controlling relative movement between said members is formed of two different hardness plastic materials and includes a rigid base and a flexible top member forming an internal air chamber therebetween. The top member is

A pneumatic actuator adapted for placement between a pair of spaced members for controlling relative movement between said members is formed of two different hardness plastic materials and includes a rigid base and a flexible top member forming an internal air chamber therebetween. The top member is movable between collapsed and expanded positions by pressurized air introduced into the internal chamber for relative movement of the spaced members. The base has a sidewall terminating in a peripheral edge on which the top member is sealingly secured by a hot welded joint. A central portion of the top member has a raised thickened portion which engages one of the spaced members. A stop is located within the internal chamber to maintain the central portion of the top member above the peripheral edge of the base to prevent contact of the spaced member with the sealed joint when the top member is in the collapsed position. An air passage is formed in the base to enable the pressurized air to enter the internal chamber.

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A pneumatic actuator adapted for placement between a pair of spaced members for controlling relative movement between said members is formed of two different hardness plastic materials and includes a rigid base and a flexible top member forming an internal air chamber therebetween. The top member is

A pneumatic actuator adapted for placement between a pair of spaced members for controlling relative movement between said members is formed of two different hardness plastic materials and includes a rigid base and a flexible top member forming an internal air chamber therebetween. The top member is movable between collapsed and expanded positions by pressurized air introduced into the internal chamber for relative movement of the spaced members. The base has a sidewall terminating in a peripheral edge on which the top member is sealingly secured by a hot welded joint. A central portion of the top member has a raised thickened portion which engages one of the spaced members. A stop is located within the internal chamber to maintain the central portion of the top member above the peripheral edge of the base to prevent contact of the spaced member with the sealed joint when the top member is in the collapsed position. An air passage is formed in the base to enable the pressurized air to enter the internal chamber. ds in an upstream direction of the primary flow in the air passage. 16. An air flow meter for measuring flow amount of air flowing in an air passage, comprising: a U-shaped bypass passage, into which a part of the air is introduced, provided in said air passage, said bypass passage arranged substantially perpendicularly to a primary air flow direction in said air passage and defining an air inlet; a flow meter element disposed in said bypass passage; and a turbulence reduction member provided in the air passage adjacent the air inlet of said bypass passage, wherein said turbulence reduction member includes a component extending in the air passage in a direction perpendicularly crossing with an air flow direction in said bypass passage, and wherein said turbulence reduction member is entirely formed over said air inlet. 17. An air flow meter according to claim 16, wherein said turbulence reduction member is integrally formed with said bypass passage. 18. An air flow meter according to claim 16, wherein said turbulence reduction member is disposed at a position of said air inlet, which is opposite to said flow meter element. 19. An air flow meter according to claim 18, wherein said bypass passage includes two fluid passages next to and in parallel with each other, and a bent portion connecting the two fluid passages, the two fluid passages are partitioned by a partition wall, a venturi is formed within said partition wall at the air inlet side thereof, and said turbulence reduction member is disposed at a position facing around a center of said venturi. 20. An air flow meter according to claim 16, wherein said turbulence reduction plate reduces a secondary, turbulent flow of the primary air flow having an air flow direction component parallel to the air flow direction in said bypass passage. 21. The air flow meter according to claim 16, wherein the turbulence reduction plate is disposed on an upstream side of the air inlet of said bypass passage and extends in an upstream direction of the primary flow in the air passage. 22. An air flow meter for measuring flow amount of air flowing in an air passage, the air passage defining a primary flow direction of air flow therethrough, air flow in the air passage including a secondary flow which is substantially perpendicular to the primary flow direction, said air flow meter comprising: a bypass passage disposed in the air passage, the bypass passage having an upstream passage extending substantially perpendicular to the primary flow direction, the upstream passage having an air inlet which is opened toward an upstream of the primary flow; a flow meter element disposed in the upstream passage; and a turbulence reduction plate disposed adjacent the air inlet, the turbulence reduction plate being disposed on an outside of the bypass passage and extending in an upstream direction of the primary flow, the turbulence reduction plate extending substantially in parallel with the primary flow direction and substantially perpendicularly to a flow direction of the secondary flow, thereby reducing the secondary flow before entering the air inlet, wherein the turbulence reduction plate is a first plate disposed o