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An apparatus and method for utilizing any arbitrary mixture ratio of multiple fuel gases having differing combustion characteristics, such as natural gas and hydrogen gas, within an internal combustion engine. The gaseous fuel composition ratio is first sensed, such as by thermal conductivity, infra

An apparatus and method for utilizing any arbitrary mixture ratio of multiple fuel gases having differing combustion characteristics, such as natural gas and hydrogen gas, within an internal combustion engine. The gaseous fuel composition ratio is first sensed, such as by thermal conductivity, infrared signature, sound propagation speed, or equivalent mixture differentiation mechanisms and combinations thereof which are utilized as input(s) to a "multiple map" engine control module which modulates selected operating parameters of the engine, such as fuel injection and ignition timing, in response to the proportions of fuel gases available so that the engine operates correctly and at high efficiency irrespective of the gas mixture ratio being utilized. As a result, an engine configured according to the teachings of the present invention may be fueled from at least two different fuel sources without admixing constraints.

대표청구항 ▼

An apparatus and method for utilizing any arbitrary mixture ratio of multiple fuel gases having differing combustion characteristics, such as natural gas and hydrogen gas, within an internal combustion engine. The gaseous fuel composition ratio is first sensed, such as by thermal conductivity, infra

An apparatus and method for utilizing any arbitrary mixture ratio of multiple fuel gases having differing combustion characteristics, such as natural gas and hydrogen gas, within an internal combustion engine. The gaseous fuel composition ratio is first sensed, such as by thermal conductivity, infrared signature, sound propagation speed, or equivalent mixture differentiation mechanisms and combinations thereof which are utilized as input(s) to a "multiple map" engine control module which modulates selected operating parameters of the engine, such as fuel injection and ignition timing, in response to the proportions of fuel gases available so that the engine operates correctly and at high efficiency irrespective of the gas mixture ratio being utilized. As a result, an engine configured according to the teachings of the present invention may be fueled from at least two different fuel sources without admixing constraints. water vessel (1). 5. A hot-water appliance according to claim 4, characterized in that a substantially cup-shaped space is formed by said opening in the insulating jacket (2), while an insulating jacket wall part (12) defines a side limit of the cup-shaped space, and an end wall (1b, 8) of the hot-water vessel defines a bottom limit of said cup-shaped space, with said cup-shaped space being at least partly filled with insulating material (14, 23). 6. A hot-water appliance according to claim 3, characterized in that the said insulating jacket wall part (12) is made of material having a relatively low heat conduction coefficient. 7. A hot-water appliance according to claim 6, characterized in that the insulating jacket wall part (12) is made of stainless steel. 8. A hot-water appliance according to claim 3, characterized in that the insulating jacket wall part (12) is thin-walled. 9. A hot-water appliance according to claim 3, characterized in that the distance between the connecting edge (11, 21) and the hot-water vessel (1) is at least 5 cm at a hot-water vessel capacity of 3-7 liters. 10. A hot-water appliance according to claim 3, characterized in that the hot-water vessel (1) comprises a watertightly sealing detachable cover (8) which seals an opening in the hot-water vessel (1) through which the heating element (5) is removable, while the opening in the insulating jacket (2) is of a size such that the cover (8) of the hot-water vessel (1) is removable via the opening in the insulating jacket (2). 11. A hot-water appliance according to claim 10 characterized by an evacuated space in the insulating jacket which contains at least one layer of a reflecting foil (16). 12. A hot-water appliance according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner wall (9) of the insulating jacket (2) also forms at least the cylindrical jacket wall of the hot-water vessel (1). 13. A heat-insulated hot-water appliance according to claim 12, characterized in that the inner wall of the vacuum insulating jacket (2) also forms an end wall (1b) of the hot-water vessel (1), which vacuum insulating jacket (2) also insulates the pertinent end wall (1b). 14. A hot-water appliance according to claim 12, characterized in that the hot-water vessel (1) and the insulating jacket (2) are separate parts, which hot-water vessel (1) is slidably arranged in the insulating jacket (2). 15. A hot-water appliance according to claim 12, characterized in that the insulating jacket (2) is designed as a double-wall cylindrical element, the outer wall (10) and the inner wall (9) of which are connected together at the leading ends, which two leading ends each define a cup-shaped space, which cup-shaped spaces contain insulating material (14, 23). 16. A hot-water appliance according to claim 12, characterized in that the insulating jacket (2) is designed as a double-walled cylindrical element, the outer wall (10) and the inner wall (9) of which are connected together at the leading ends, which two leading ends each define a cup-shaped space, which cup-shaped spaces contain insulating material (14, 23). 17. A hot-water appliance according to claim 12, characterized in that the outer wall (10) is made of sheet steel having a thickness of about 0.4-1.0 mm, and the inner wall (9) is made of chrome nickel steel having a thickness of 0.2-0.4 mm. 18. A hot-water appliance according to claim 12, characterized in that a mixing device (19) is provided which is arranged to mix hot water originating from the hot-water vessel (1) and cold water originating from the public water supply system. 19. A hot-water appliance according to claim 3, characterized in that the insulating jacket (2) is designed as a double-walled cylindrical element, the outer wall (10) and the inner wall (9) of which are connected together at the leading ends, which two leading ends each define a cup-shaped space, which cup-shaped spaces contain insulating material (14, 23). 20. A hot-water appliance according to cla im 19 characterized by an evacuated space in the insulating jacket which contains at least one layer of a reflecting foil (16). 21. A hot-water appliance according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer wall (10) is made of sheet steel having a thickness of about 0.4-1.0 mm, and the inner wall (9) is made of chrome nickel steel having a thickness of 0.2-0.4 mm. 22. A hot-water appliance according to claim 3, characterized in that the hot-water vessel (1) and the insulating jacket (2) are separate parts, which hot-water vessel (1) is slidable arranged in the insulating jacket (2). 23. A heat-insulated hot-water appliance according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer wall (10) is sufficiently strong to resist the atmospheric pressure and to prevent damage during use, and the inner wall (9) is made of a thin metal sheet part having a low heat and conductivity. 24. A hot-water appliance according to claim 3 characterized in that the temperature regulation (25) is adjustable to maintain a temperature of more than 100° C. in the hot-water vessel (1). 25. A hot-water appliance according to claim 3 characterized by an evacuated space in the insulating jacket which contains at least one layer of a reflecting foil (16). 26. A hot-water appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot-water vessel (1) and the insulating jacket (2) are separate parts, which hot-water vessel (1) is slidably arranged in the insulating jacket (2). 27. A hot-water appliance according to claim 26 characterized by an evacuated space in the insulating jacket which contains at least one layer of a reflecting foil (16). 28. A heat-insulated hot-water appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall (10) is sufficiently strong to resist the atmospheric pressure and to prevent damage during use, and the inner wall (9) is made of a thin metal sheet part having a low heat and conductivity. 29. A hot-water appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature regulation (25) is adjustable to maintain a temperature of more than 100° C. in the hot-water vessel (1). 30. A hot-water appliance according to claim 1, characterized by an evacuated space in the insulating jacket which contains at least one layer of a reflecting foil (16). 31. A hot-water appliance according to claim 30, characterized in that in the evacuated space in the insulating jacket (2) a getter (17) to be activated with heat is arranged to improve the vacuum. 32. A hot-water appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating jacket (10) contains a heat-insulating and radiation-reflecting powder. 33. A hot-water appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that a mixing device (19) is provided which is arranged to mix hot water originating from the hot-water vessel (1) and cold water originating from the public water supply system. a first pair of ring members each secured to a respective opposed lateral side of said front girt strap, and a second pair of ring members each secured to a respective opposed lateral side of said rear girt strap; said front tether straps each having a first end releasably connected with a respective ring member on opposed lateral sides of said front girt strap, and said rear tether straps each having a first end releasably connected with a respective ring member on opposed lateral sides of said rear girt strap. 3. The safety restraint harness according to claim 1, wherein said front girt strap and said rear girt strap each have a top segment above its interconnection with said body strap that extends over the animal's back, a bottom segment greater in length than said top segment that extends below its interconnection with said body strap on one lateral side with a free end provided with apertures, and a side segment shorter in length than said bottom segment that extends below its interconnection with said body strap on the opposed side with a free provided with a buckle; whereby said bottom segment and said side segment is releasably connected together and adjusted in length to fit tightly around the animal's body by a person standing only on one side of the animal. 4. The safety restraint harness according to claim 3, wherein said body strap has a longer front segment that extends forwardly from its interconnection with said front girt strap on one lateral side with a free end provided with apertures, and a shorter front segment that extends forwardly from its interconnection with said front girt strap on the opposed lateral side with a free end provided with a buckle; and said body strap has a longer rear segment that extends rearwardly from its interconnection with said rear girt strap on said one lateral side with a free end provided with apertures, and a shorter rear segment that extends rearwardly from its interconnection with said rear girt strap on said opposed lateral side with a free end provided with a buckle; whereby said longer and said shorter front and rear segments of said body strap are releasably connected together and adjusted in length to tightly encircle the lateral sides, breast and buttocks of the animal in a generally horizontal plane by a person standing only on one side of the animal. 5. The safety restraint harness according to claim 1, wherein each of said front and said rear tether straps have a first segment and second segment connected together by a buckle for adjusting their lengths; and said front and said rear tether straps each have a quick-release connector on their said first end for releasably connection to a respective ring member on opposed lateral sides to said front and rear girt straps, and a quick-release connector on their said second end for releasably connection to the structural member. 6. The safety restraint harness according to claim 5, wherein said quick-release connector comprises a quick-release snap hook with a swivel connector. 7. The safety restraint harness according to claim 1, further comprising; a front pair and a rear pair of eyebolts adapted to be secured to an overhead structural member in an animal trailer; each of said front pair and said rear pair of eyebolts being secured in laterally spaced relation, and said front and said rear pair secured in longitudinally spaced relation to approximately correspond to the longitudinal distance between said front and rear girt straps; said first and second ends of said front tether straps are releasably connected between opposed lateral sides of said front girt strap and said front pair of eyebolts, and said first and second ends of said rear tether straps are releasably connected between opposed lateral sides of said rear girt strap and said rear pair of eyebolts to extend generally vertically in laterally opposed and longitudinally spaced relation; and said front and rear tether st raps are adjusted in length to be generally taught with the animal in a natural standing position to maintain the animal in a standing position while being transported in the trailer, such that in the event that the animal looses its footing, the weight of the animal will be supported and generally equally distributed to the overhead trailer support structure by said laterally and longitudinally spaced tether straps and said eye bolts, thereby maintaining the load balanced between the wheels and preventing the weight of the trailer from shifting forward, backward, or from side to side. 8. The safety restraint harness according to claim 1, further comprising; a front pair and a rear pair of posts each adapted to be secured into the ground at one end and having connector means on an upstanding end; each of said front pair and said rear pair of posts being anchored in laterally spaced relation, and said front and said rear pair anchored in longitudinally spaced relation a distance outwardly from said front and rear girt straps, respectively; said first and second ends of said front tether straps are releasably connected between opposed lateral sides of said front girt strap and said connector means on said front pair of posts, and said first and second ends of said rear tether straps are releasably connected between opposed lateral sides of said rear girt strap and said connector means on said rear pair of posts; and said front and rear tether straps are adjusted in length to be generally taught with the animal in a natural standing position to maintain the animal in a generally stationary position and substantially reduce fore, aft, side to side, and bucking movements. 9. A method for transporting and training large animals utilizing a safety restraint harness, comprising the steps of: providing a harness having an adjustable flexible front girt strap, an adjustable flexible rear girt strap, and an elongate adjustable flexible body strap interconnected with opposed lateral sides of said front and rear girt straps; placing the harness on the animal such that said front girt strap encircles a front part of the animal immediately behind its front legs, said rear girt strap encircles a rear part of the animal in front of its hind legs, and said body strap encircles the lateral sides, breast and buttocks of the animal in a generally horizontal plane; adjusting said front and rear girt straps and said body strap in length to fit tightly around the animal's body; attaching a respective first end of a pair of adjustable flexible front tether straps to a respective opposed lateral side of said front girt strap, and a respective first end of a pair of adjustable flexible rear tether straps to a respective opposed lateral side of said rear girt strap; connecting a respective second end of each of said front and rear tether straps to a structural member spaced a distance from the animal; and adjusting each of said front and rear tether straps in length to restrain and immobilize the animal. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein said step of adjusting said front and rear girt straps and said body strap in length is carried out by the installer standing only on one side of the animal. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein said step of connecting a respective second end of each of said front and rear tether straps to a structural member comprises; connecting said respective second end of each of said front tether straps to a front pair of laterally spaced eyebolts secured to an overhead structural member in an animal trailer, and connecting said respective second end of each of said rear tether straps to a rear pair of laterally spaced eyebolts secured to an overhead structural member in the animal trailer, said front pair and said rear pair of eyebolts being disposed longitudinally spaced relation to approximately correspond to the longitudinal distance between said front and rear girt straps; and each of said tether straps are adjusted in length with the animal in a natural standing position in the trailer to extend taught generally vertically between opposed lateral sides of said front girt strap and said rear girt strap and said eyebolts in laterally opposed and longitudinally spaced relation; such that in the event that the animal looses its footing, the weight of the animal will be supported and generally equally distributed to the overhead trailer support structure by said laterally and longitudinally spaced tether straps and said eye bolts, thereby maintaining the load balanced between the wheels and preventing the weight of the trailer from shifting forward, backward, or from side to side. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein said step of connecting a respective second end of each of said front and rear tether straps to a structural member comprises; connecting said respective second end of each of said front tether straps to a front pair of posts anchored in the ground a distance outwardly from lateral sides of the animal, and connecting said respective second end of each of said rear tether straps to a rear pair of posts anchored in the ground a distance outwardly from lateral sides of the animal, said front pair and said rear pair of posts being disposed in longitudinally spaced relation; and each of said tether straps are adjusted in length with the animal in a natural standing position to extend taught between opposed lateral sides of said front girt strap and said rear girt strap and said posts to maintain the animal in a generally stationary position and substantially reduce fore, aft, side to side, and bucking movements while being saddled, mounted, doctored, groomed, vacuumed, shod, or having its hooves trimmed.