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Telecommunications conductor wire pair test circuits are provided. The test circuits include a switch electrically coupled to the wire pair. The switch has a first position in which the test circuit provides an open circuit across the wires of the wire pair and a second position in which the test ci

Telecommunications conductor wire pair test circuits are provided. The test circuits include a switch electrically coupled to the wire pair. The switch has a first position in which the test circuit provides an open circuit across the wires of the wire pair and a second position in which the test circuit is detectable across the wires of the wire pair. An energy storage cell is electrically coupled across the wires of the wire pair so as to charge the energy storage cell when the switch is in the second position. The switch is powered by the energy storage cell. An energy monitor circuit is electrically coupled to the energy storage cell which detects an energy level of the energy storage cell. A switch control circuit switches the switch from the first position to the second position responsive to the energy monitor circuit. In other embodiments, the switch is a relay and the energy monitor circuit is optionally included. Methods are also provided using the test circuit.

대표청구항 ▼

Telecommunications conductor wire pair test circuits are provided. The test circuits include a switch electrically coupled to the wire pair. The switch has a first position in which the test circuit provides an open circuit across the wires of the wire pair and a second position in which the test ci

Telecommunications conductor wire pair test circuits are provided. The test circuits include a switch electrically coupled to the wire pair. The switch has a first position in which the test circuit provides an open circuit across the wires of the wire pair and a second position in which the test circuit is detectable across the wires of the wire pair. An energy storage cell is electrically coupled across the wires of the wire pair so as to charge the energy storage cell when the switch is in the second position. The switch is powered by the energy storage cell. An energy monitor circuit is electrically coupled to the energy storage cell which detects an energy level of the energy storage cell. A switch control circuit switches the switch from the first position to the second position responsive to the energy monitor circuit. In other embodiments, the switch is a relay and the energy monitor circuit is optionally included. Methods are also provided using the test circuit. te to focus said laser beam from the vertical cavity resonator into the aperture of the optical fiber. 2. The laser of claim 1, wherein said first optical element is formed of a semiconductor material and further includes a pair of electrodes connected across said semiconductor material for measuring the output power of said laser beam. 3. The laser of claim 1, wherein said first optical element is optically coupled to said laser body but is physically displaced from said laser body. 4. The laser of claim 1, wherein said first optical element is a discrete structure bonded to said laser body. 5. The laser of claim 1, wherein said second reflector is formed directly on said active region, and is said second electrode is formed directly on said second reflector. 6. The laser of claim 1, wherein said first radius of curvature is different from said second radius of curvature. transverse to the z-axis, the gain medium including first and second elongated portions, the first and second elongated portions extending substantially the length of the gain medium along the z-axis, the first elongated portion having a first width along an x-axis being transverse to the z-axis, the second elongated portion having a second width along the xaxis, the first elongated portion varying in y-axis thickness along the z-axis in a first manner, the second elongated portion varying in y-axis thickness along the z-axis in a second manner, the first manner being different than the second manner. 7. The laser of claim 6 wherein the first manner and second manners are both linear having different ratios of change of y-axis thickness to change in location along the z-axis. 8. The laser of claim 6 wherein the rear resonator mirror is tilted with respect to a plane containing the x-axis and the y-axis. 9. The laser of claim 6 further including a second optical axis, the second optical axis being transverse to the y-axis, and a second front resonator mirror, the rear resonator mirror and the second front resonator mirror being aligned with respect to the second optical axis. 10. The laser of claim therein the second optical axis is parallel to the first optical axis. 11. The laser of claim 6 further including a third elongated portion. 12. The laser of claim 11 further including an additional output laser beam propagating substantially parallel to the output laser beam. 13. A laser for producing an output laser beam propagating substantially parallel to a z-axis being parallel to an optical axis, the output laser beam propagating in a space external to the laser, the laser comprising: front and rear resonator mirrors bounding a resonator cavity, the front and rear resonator mirrors being aligned with respect to the optical axis; and a gain medium disposed between and having length along the z-axis extending toward the front and rear resonator mirrors, the gain medium having thickness with respect to a y-axis, the y-axis being transverse to the z-axis, the gain medium including first and second elongated portions, the first and second elongated portions extending substantially the length of the gain medium along the z-axis, the first elongated portion having a first width along an x-axis being transverse to the z-axis, the second elongated portion having a second width along the x-axis, the first elongated portion varying in y-axis thickness along the x-axis in a first manner, the second elongated portion varying in y-axis thickness along the x-axis in a second manner, the first manner being different than the second manner. 14. The laser of claim 13 wherein the first manner has linear variation and the second manner has the y-axis thickness remain constant along the x-axis. 15. The laser of claim 13 wherein the first manner has linear variation and the second manner has non-linear variation. 16. The laser of claim 13 wherein a cross-sectional profile of the second elongated portion is circular, the cross-sectional profile being transverse to the z-axis. 17. A laser for producing an output laser beam propagating substantially parallel to a z-axis being parallel to an optical axis, the output laser beam propagating in a space external to the laser, the laser comprising: front and rear resonator mirrors bounding a resonator cavity, the front and rear resonator mirrors being aligned with respect to the optical axis; first and second elongated electrodes located between and extending toward the front and rear resonator mirrors, the first and second elongated electrodes being separated from each other, the first and second elongated electrodes each having a first edge running along the z-axis; and a gaseous gain medium disposed between the first and second electrodes and having length along the z-axis extending toward the front and rear resonator mirrors, the gain medium having thickness with respect to a y-axis, the y -axis being transverse to the z-axis, the gain medium including first and second elongated portions, the first and second elongated portions extending the length of the gain medium along the z-axis, the first elongated portion having a first width along an x-axis being transverse to the z- axis, the second elongated portion having a second width along the x-axis, the first elongated portion varying in y-axis thickness along the z-axis in a first manner, the second elongated portion varying in y-axis thickness along the z-axis in a second manner, the first manner being different than the second manner, the first elongated portion having an edge adjacent the first edges of the first and second electrodes, the first manner having the y-axis thickness of the first elongated portion vary in a linear manner along portions of the z-axis and the second manner having the y-axis thickness of the second elongated portion remain constant along the z-axis. 18. The laser of claim 17 wherein the first width of the first elongated portion is sized with respect to a desired output coupling for the laser. 19. The laser of claim 17 wherein the first width of the first elongated portion is sized according to the smallest y-axis thickness of the first elongated portion, a distance from an end of the first elongated portion to a location where the first elongated portion has the smallest y-axis thickness, and a wavelength of an internal laser beam propagating within the gaseous gain medium. 20. The laser of claim 17 wherein the first width of the gaseous gain medium has a total x-axis width and the first width of the first elongated portion is less than 90% of the total width of the gaseous gain medium. 21. The laser of claim 17 wherein the first width of the first elongated portion varies along the z-axis. 22. The laser of claim 17 wherein the gaseous gain medium includes at least one of the following gases: carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, xenon, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton, argon, fluorine, and deuterium. 23. The laser of claim 17 wherein the gaseous gain medium is a metal vapor. 24. The laser of claim 17 wherein the first elongated electrode is coupled to a power supply. 25. The laser of claim 17 wherein the gain medium has non-planar surfaces. 26. A laser for producing an output laser beam propagating substantially parallel to z-axis being parallel to an optical axis, the output laser beam propagating in a space external to the laser, the laser comprising: front and rear resonator mirrors bounding a resonator cavity, the front and rear resonator mirrors being aligned with respect to the optical axis; and a gain medium disposed between and having length along the z-axis extending toward the front and rear resonator mirrors, the gain medium having thickness with respect to a y-axis, the y-axis being transverse to the z-axis, the gain medium including a first y-axis thickness at a first z-axis location and first x-axis location, including a second y-axis thickness at the first z-axis location and second x-axis location, including a third y-axis thickness at a second z-axis location and the first x-axis location, and including a fourth y-axis thickness at the second z-axis location and second x-axis location such that a ratio of the second y-axis thickness to the first y-axis thickness is different than a ratio of the fourth y-axis thickness to the third y-axis thickness. 27. A laser for producing an output laser beam propagating substantially parallel to z-axis being parallel to an optical axis, the output laser beam propagating in a space external to the laser, the laser comprising: front and rear resonator mirrors bounding a resonator cavity, the front and rear resonator mirrors being aligned with respect to the optical axis; and a gain medium disposed between and having length along the z-axis extending toward the front and rear resonator mirrors, the gain medium having thickness with respect to a y-axis, the