Methods and apparatus for treating waste are provided. Waste is converted in an arc plasma-joule heated melter system utilizing one or more arc plasma electrodes and a plurality of joule heating electrodes. The arc plasma electrode(s) can be configured for operation utilizing AC or DC power, or for
Methods and apparatus for treating waste are provided. Waste is converted in an arc plasma-joule heated melter system utilizing one or more arc plasma electrodes and a plurality of joule heating electrodes. The arc plasma electrode(s) can be configured for operation utilizing AC or DC power, or for switching between AC and DC power. The arc plasma electrodes can also be configured for independent arc voltage and arc current control. The joule heating circuits are configured for simultaneous operation with the arcing electrodes, but without detrimental interaction with the arcing electrodes. The systems provide stable, non-leachable products and a gaseous fuel. The gaseous fuel can be utilized in a combustion or non-combustion process to generate electricity.
대표청구항▼
Methods and apparatus for treating waste are provided. Waste is converted in an arc plasma-joule heated melter system utilizing one or more arc plasma electrodes and a plurality of joule heating electrodes. The arc plasma electrode(s) can be configured for operation utilizing AC or DC power, or for
Methods and apparatus for treating waste are provided. Waste is converted in an arc plasma-joule heated melter system utilizing one or more arc plasma electrodes and a plurality of joule heating electrodes. The arc plasma electrode(s) can be configured for operation utilizing AC or DC power, or for switching between AC and DC power. The arc plasma electrodes can also be configured for independent arc voltage and arc current control. The joule heating circuits are configured for simultaneous operation with the arcing electrodes, but without detrimental interaction with the arcing electrodes. The systems provide stable, non-leachable products and a gaseous fuel. The gaseous fuel can be utilized in a combustion or non-combustion process to generate electricity. ojection thereof. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, said suture guide having an interior bore that extends through a surface, defining said second suture entrance; wherein said surface defines an oblique angle with respect to said interior bore. 7. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising: a cannula, having an entrance, mounted on said handle; wherein said cannula entrance is observable from a transverse projection thereof. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said cannula entrance extends at an oblique angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of said handle. 9. An apparatus for having a passage way receiving and passing one or more sutures, one or more tools, and combinations thereof, comprising: a handle having a first proximal end; a suture guide, having a second proximal end, mounted on said handle, said suture guide comprising a boss mounted on and upstanding from said handle, said boss defining an interior bore therethrough, said interior bore of said boss and said passageway being substantially aligned with one another; wherein said second proximal end is distal of said first proximal end. 10. An apparatus for receiving and passing one or more sutures, one or more tools, and combinations thereof, comprising: a handle; a cannula mounted on said handle, said cannula forming an interior bore therethrough; and a proximal suture guide mounted on said handle, said suture guide comprising a boss mounted on and upstanding from said handle, said boss defining an interior bore therethrough, said interior bore of said boss and said interior bore of said cannula being substantially aligned with one another; said cannula and said proximal suture guide defining a gap therebetween; wherein said gap is optimized to provide maximum suture exposure with limited suture buckling during advancement of the suture. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said gap ranges from about 3/8 to about 3 1/2 inches. 12. An apparatus having a passageway for receiving and passing one or more sutures, one or more tools, and combinations thereof, comprising: a handle having a shape that facilitates orientation thereof; and a boss mounted on and upstanding from a proximal end of said handle, said boss defining an interior bore therethrough, said interior bore of said boss and said passageway being substantially aligned with one another. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein a transverse cross-section of said handle, relative to a suture or tool advancement direction, is generally triangular. 14. An apparatus for receiving and passing one or more sutures, one or more tools, and combinations thereof, comprising: a handle having a proximal end and a distal end; a boss mounted on and upstanding from said proximal end of said handle, said boss defining an interior bore therethrough; and a cannula mounted on said distal handle, said cannula defining an interior bore therethrough, said interior bore of said boss and said interior bore of said cannula being substantially aligned with one another; said handle having a surface intermediate said boss and said cannula for slidingly advancing suture into said cannula; wherein said cannula is aligned with said surface. 15. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein advancing suture is achieved with a thumb or finger. 16. The apparatus of claim 4, said handle having a first axis and said cannula having a second axis; wherein said first axis is offset from said second axis. 17. An apparatus for receiving and passing one or more sutures, one or more tools, and combinations thereof, comprising: a handle having a proximal end and a distal end; a boss mounted on and upstanding from said proximal end of said handle, said boss defining an interior bore therethrough; and a cannula mounted on said distal end of said handle and said cannula having a distal end, said cannula defining an interior bore therethrough, said interior bore of said boss and said interior bore of said cannula bei
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