IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0590784
(2000-06-08)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Buazza, Omar M.
- Sun, Xiaodong
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
Meyertons, Hood, Kivlin, Kowert & Goetzel, P.C.
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
29 인용 특허 :
159 |
초록
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An antireflective coating may be formed on visible light transmitting materials. The antireflective coating may a stack of two coating layers. The first coating layer may be formed from a composition that includes a metal alkoxide. The first coating layer may be cured by the application of ultraviol
An antireflective coating may be formed on visible light transmitting materials. The antireflective coating may a stack of two coating layers. The first coating layer may be formed from a composition that includes a metal alkoxide. The first coating layer may be cured by the application of ultraviolet light or heat. The second coating layer may be formed from a second composition that includes an initiator and an ethylenically substituted monomer. The second composition may be cured by the application of ultraviolet light. The antireflective coatings may be applied to a plastic lens or a plastic lens mold.
대표청구항
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An antireflective coating may be formed on visible light transmitting materials. The antireflective coating may a stack of two coating layers. The first coating layer may be formed from a composition that includes a metal alkoxide. The first coating layer may be cured by the application of ultraviol
An antireflective coating may be formed on visible light transmitting materials. The antireflective coating may a stack of two coating layers. The first coating layer may be formed from a composition that includes a metal alkoxide. The first coating layer may be cured by the application of ultraviolet light or heat. The second coating layer may be formed from a second composition that includes an initiator and an ethylenically substituted monomer. The second composition may be cured by the application of ultraviolet light. The antireflective coatings may be applied to a plastic lens or a plastic lens mold. portion of binder or the second portion of binder comprises a cold set resin. 10. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein at least one said portion of the binder comprises a high ortho resin, hexamethylenetetramine, a silane adhesion promoter, a silicone lubricant, a wetting agent and a surfactant. 11. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have diameters from 4 to 4 mesh. 12. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the composite particles have diameters between 20 and 40 mesh and comprise a coating of a layer of synthetic resin. 13. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the composite particles have diameters between 30 and 40 mesh and comprise a coating of a layer of synthetic resin. 14. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the composite particles have diameters between 8 and 20 mesh and comprise a coating of a layer of synthetic resin. 15. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the filler particles are a finely divided mineral. 16. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the filler particles are present in a proportion from about 60 to about 85% by volume of composite particle. 17. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the proportion of filler particles substance is from about 65 to about 85% by volume of composite particle. 18. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the proportion of filler particles substance is from about 80 to about 85% by volume of composite particle. 19. The composition particle of claim 1, wherein at least one member of the group consisting of the first portion of binder and the second portion of binder comprises epoxy. 20. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein at least one member of the group consisting of the first portion of binder and the second portion of binder comprises furan. 21. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein at least one member of the group consisting of the first portion of binder and the second portion of binder comprises a bisphenolic-aldehyde novolac polymer. 22. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein at least one member of the group consisting of the first portion of binder and the second portion of binder comprises resole resin. 23. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein at least one member of the group consisting of the first portion of binder and the second portion of binder comprises polyurethane. 24. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein at least one member of the group consisting of the first portion of binder and the second portion of binder comprises an alkaline modified resole settable by an ester. 25. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein at least one member of the group consisting of the first portion of binder and the second portion of binder comprises a melamine resin. 26. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein at least one member of the group consisting of the first portion of binder and the second portion of binder comprises urea-formaldehyde resin or urea-phenol-formaldehyde resin. 27. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the first portion of binder comprises cured binder. 28. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the first portion of binder comprises a cured binder, and the second portion of binder comprises a curable binder. 29. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the filler particles are at least one member selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, fumed carbon, carbon black, graphite, mica, titanium dioxide, meta-silicate, calcium silicate, kaolin, talc, zirconia, boron, fly ash, hollow glass microspheres, and solid glass. 30. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the filler particles are a mineral having a grain size, d50,of 4 to 10 μm. 31. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the filler particles are of mineral substance and the proportion of mineral substance is about 70 to 90% by weight of composite particle. 32. A method for prod ucing a composite particle according to claim 1, comprising mixing the filler particles, the first portion of binder, at least one member of the group consisting of water and an organic solvent, and optional additives to form a mixture and to adjust agglomeration behavior of the filler particles; subjecting the mixture to agglomerative granulation to form cores; and curing the first portion of binder. 33. The method according to claim 32, wherein the curing of the first and second portions of binder is a cold set curing. 34. The method according to claim 32, further comprising coating the cores with said second portion of binder and curing said coating by a cold set curing. 35. The method according to claim 32, wherein the filler particles, the first portion of binder, at least one member of the group consisting of water and an organic solvent, and optional additives are mixed to form the mixture and to adjust the plasticity of the mixture; the mixture is granulated in the plastic state to form the formed particles; and the first portion of binder in the formed particles is cured at temperature above 150° F., and then the second portion of binder is coated onto the formed particles and cured by a cold set curing. 36. The method according to claim 32, wherein the agglomerative granulating is done by extrusion as strands, cutting the strands into fragments, and shaping the fragments under the influence of centrifugal force into spherical granules. 37. The method according to claim 36, wherein the formed particles are smoothed and compressed by rolling before crosslinking of the binder. 38. The method according to claim 36, wherein after the first portion of binder has cured, the formed particles are coated with the second portion of binder and cured again. 39. The method according to claim 35, wherein after granulation the solvent is dried, after the drying but, before curing the first portion of binder, the formed particles are coated with resin. 40. A method of treating a hydraulically induced fracture in a subterranean formation surrounding a wellbore comprising introducing composite particles of claim 1 into the fracture. 41. The method according to claim 40, wherein a multi-layer pack comprising the composite particles is formed in the formation. 42. The method according to claim 40, wherein the first portion of binder comprises a resole resin and the second portion of binder comprises a polyurethane resin or an alkaline modified resole curable with ester. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein the composite particles are introduced into the hydraulically induced fracture as proppant and the proppant further comprises introducing particles selected from at least one member of the group consisting of sand, sintered ceramic particles and glass beads. 44. The method of claim 40, wherein the sand particles comprise resin-coated sand particles. 45. The method of claim 40, wherein the sphericity of the composite particles is at least about 0.85. 46. The method of claim 40, wherein the composite particles have diameters between 20 and 40 mesh and comprise a coating of a layer of synthetic resin. 47. The method of claim 40, wherein the composite particles have diameters between 8 and 20 mesh and comprise a coating of a layer of synthetic resin. 48. The method of claim 40, wherein the filler particles are a finely divided mineral. 49. The method of claim 40, wherein the proportion of filler particles substance is from about 65 to about 85% by volume of composite particle. 50. The method of claim 40, wherein the filler particles are a mineral having a grain size, d50,of 4 to 10 μm. 51. A method for water filtration comprising passing water through a filtration pack comprising the composite particles of claim 1. 52. A method for forming a gravel pack about a wellbore comprising introducing the composite particles of claim 1 and gravel into the well bore. 53. A method for preparing an artificial turf sports field comprising p roviding a porous mat and applying a layer comprising the composite particles of claim 1 over the mat, wherein the first portion of binder comprises an elastomer. 54. The method for preparing an artificial turf sports field of claim 53, wherein the second portion of binder comprises an elastomer. 55. The method of claim 53, wherein the first an second portions of binder is selected from the group consisting of unsaturated chain polymers or copolymers obtained by polymerization of conjugated dienes and/or aliphatic or aromatic vinyl monomers. 56. The method of claim 53, wherein the first and second portions of binder are independently selected from the group consisting of natural rubber, 1,4-cis polybutadiene, polychloroprene, 1,4-cis polyisoprene, optionally halogenated isoprene-isobutene copolymers, butadiene-acrylonitrile, styrene-butadiene and styrene-butadiene-isoprene terpolymers, either prepared in solution or in emulsion, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers. 57. The method for preparing an artificial turf sports field of claim 53, wherein the first and second portions of binder are selected from the group consisting of unsaturated chain polymers or copolymers obtained by polymerization of conjugated dienes and/or aliphatic or aromatic vinyl monomers. 58. The method for preparing an artificial turf sports field of claim 53, wherein a mixture of sand and the composite particles is applied to the mat to form the layer. 59. The method for preparing an artificial turf sports field of claim 53, wherein only the composite particles are applied to the mat to form the layer. 60. An artificial turf sports field, comprising a porous mat and a layer comprising the particles of claim 1 over the mat, wherein the first and optional second portions of binder comprise an elastomer. 61. An artificial turf sports field of claim 60, wherein the first and second portions of binder are selected from the group consisting of unsaturated chain polymers or copolymers obtained by polymerization of conjugated dienes and/or aliphatic or aromatic vinyl monomers. 62. An artificial turf sports field of claim 61, wherein the first and second portions of binder are selected from the group consisting of natural rubber, 1,4-cis polybutadiene, polychloroprene, 1,4-cis polyisoprene, optionally halogenated isoprene-isobutene copolymers, butadiene-acrylonitrile, styrene-butadiene and styrene-butadiene-isoprene terpolymers, either prepared in solution or in emulsion, and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers. 63. A composite particle comprising: a substantially homogeneous formed particle comprising: a first portion of a binder, wherein the first portion is at least partly cured; filler particles dispersed throughout the first portion of binder, wherein particle size of the filler particles ranges from about 0.5 to about 60 μm; and an optional second portion of a binder coating the formed particle; 60-90 volume percent of the composite particle being the filler particles; wherein the first and second portions of binder have an absence of cement; wherein at least one member of the group consisting of the first portion of binder or the second portion of binder comprises at least one member of the group consisting of inorganic binder, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, alkaline phenolic resole curable with ester, melamine resin, urea-aldehyde resin, urea-phenol-aldehyde resin, furans, synthetic rubber, polyester resin, and further comprises cross-linking agents and conventional additives. 64. A composite particle comprising: a substantially homogeneous formed particle comprising: a first portion of a binder, wherein the first portion is at least partly cured; filler particles dispersed throughout the first portion of binder, wherein particle size of the filler particles ranges from about 0.5 to about 60 μm; and an optional second portion of a binder coating the formed particle; 60-90 volume percent of the composite particle being the filler p articles; wherein the first and second portions of binder have an absence of cement; wherein each portion of binder comprises at least one polymer made from at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of melamine, urea, formaldehyde, phenol, bisphenol, phenolic resole resin, alkoxy modified resole resin, phenolic novolac resin, isocyanate, epoxy resin, epichlorohydrin, and furfuryl alcohol. 65. A composite particle comprising: a substantially homogeneous formed particle comprising: a first portion of a binder, wherein the first portion is at least partly cured; filler particles dispersed throughout the first portion of binder, wherein particle size of the filler particles ranges from about 0.5 to about 60 μm; and an optional second portion of a binder coating the formed particle; 60-90 volume percent of the composite particle being the filler particles; wherein the first and second portions of binder have an absence of cement; wherein each portion of the binder independently comprises at least one member of the group consisting of inorganic binder, epoxy resin, novolac resin, resole resin, polyurethane resin, alkaline phenolic resole curable with ester, melamine resin, urea-aldehyde resin, urea-phenol-aldehyde resin, furans, synthetic rubber, and polyester resin. 66. A composite particle comprising: a substantially homogeneous formed particle comprising: a first portion of a cement-containing binder; filler particles dispersed throughout the first portion of binder, wherein particle size of the filler particles ranges from about 0.5 to about 60 μm; and an optional second portion of a binder coating the formed particle, wherein the second portion of binder comprises a resin. 67. The composite particle of claim 66, wherein the second portion of binder comprises a cold-set resin. 68. The composite particle according to claim 66, wherein the first portion of binder comprises a cement/phenolic polymer composition, a cement/polyamide composition or a cement/polyimide composition. 69. The composite particle according to claim 66, wherein the first portion of binder comprises an MDF cement. 70. A method for producing a composite particle according to claim 66, comprising mixing the filler particles, the first portion of binder, at least one member of the group consisting of water and an organic solvent, and optional additives to form a mixture and to adjust agglomeration behavior of the filler particles; subjecting the mixture to agglomerative granulation to form cores; and curing the first portion of binder. 71. A method of treating a hydraulically induced fracture in a subterranean formation surrounding a wellbore comprising introducing composite particles of claim 66 into the fracture. 72. A method for water filtration comprising passing water through a filtration pack comprising the composite particles of claim 66. 73. A method for forming a gravel pack about a wellbore comprising introducing the composite particles of claim 66 and gravel into the well bore. 74. A method for preparing an artificial turf sports field comprising providing a porous mat and a layer of composite particles of claim 66 over the mat, wherein the second portion of binder comprises an elastomer. 75. An artificial turf sports field, comprising a porous mat and a layer of the particles of claim 73 over the mat, wherein the binder comprises an elastomer. 76. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the proportion of filler is about 70 to 90% by weight of composite particle. 77. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the binder independently comprises at least one member of the group consisting of epoxy resin, novolac resin, resole resin, polyurethane resin, alkaline phenolic resole curable with ester, melamine resin, urea-aldehyde resin, urea-phenol-aldehyde resin, furans, synthetic rubber, polyester resin, and further comprises cross-linking agents and conventional additives. 78. The comp osite binder of claim 1, wherein the first portion of binder comprises at least one polymerized monomer or oligomer selected from the group consisting of melamine, urea, formaldehyde, phenol, bisphenol, isocyanate, epoxy resin, epichlorohydrin, and furfuryl alcohol. 79. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the binder comprises alkoxy modified resole resin, epoxy or furan. 80. A composite particle comprising: a substantially homogeneous formed particle comprising: a first portion of a binder, wherein the first portion is at least partly cured; filler particles dispersed throughout the first portion of binder, wherein particle size of the filler particles ranges from about 0.5 to about 60 μm; and an optional second portion of a binder coating the formed particle; 60-90 volume percent of the composite particle being the filler particles; wherein the first and second portions of binder have an absence of cement; wherein the first portion of binder comprises a resin. 81. The composite particle of claim 80, wherein the first portion of the binder independently comprises at least one member of the group consisting of epoxy resin, novolac resin, resole resin, polyurethane resin, alkaline phenolic resole curable with ester, melamine resin, urea-aldehyde resin, urea-phenol-aldehyde resin, furans, synthetic rubber, polyester resin, and further comprises cross-linking agents and conventional additives. 82. The composite binder of claim 80, wherein the first portion of binder comprises at least one polymerized monomer-or oligomer selected from the group consisting of melamine, urea, formaldehyde, phenol, bisphenol, isocyanate, epoxy resin, epichlorohydrin, and furfuryl alcohol. 83. The composite particle of claim 80, wherein the first portion of the binder comprises alkoxy modified resole resin, epoxy or furan. 84. The composite particle of claim 80, wherein the first portion of binder comprises cured binder. 85. The composite particle of claim 80, wherein the first portion of binder comprises a cured binder, and the second portion of binder comprises a curable binder. 86. A method for producing a composite particle according to claim 80, comprising mixing the filler particles, the first portion of binder, at least one member of the group consisting of water and an organic solvent, and optional additives to form a mixture and to adjust agglomeration behavior of the filler particles; subjecting the mixture to agglomerative granulation to form cores; and curing the first portion of binder. 87. The method according to claim 86, wherein after the first portion of binder has cured, the formed particles are coated with the second portion of binder and cured again. 88. The method according to claim 86, wherein after granulation the solvent is dried, after the drying but, before curing the first portion of binder, the formed particles are coated with resin. 89. A method of treating a hydraulically induced fracture in a subterranean formation surrounding a wellbore comprising introducing composite particles of claim 80 into the fracture. 90. The method of claim 89, wherein the composite particles have diameters between 20 and 40 mesh and comprise a coating of a layer of synthetic resin. 91. The method of claim 89, wherein the composite particles have diameters between 8 and 20 mesh and comprise a coating of a layer of synthetic resin. 92. A method for water filtration comprising passing water through a filtration pack comprising the composite particles of claim 80. 93. A method for forming a gravel pack about a wellbore comprising introducing the composite particles of claim 80 and gravel into the well bore. 94. A method for preparing an artificial turf sports field comprising providing a porous mat and applying a layer comprising the composite particles of claim 80 over the mat, wherein the first portion of binder comprises an elastomer. 95. The method of claim 60, wherein the first and second portions of b inder are selected from the group consisting of unsaturated chain polymers or copolymers obtained by polymerization of conjugated dienes and/or aliphatic or aromatic vinyl monomers. 96. The method of claim 94, wherein the first and second portions of binder comprise a member independently selected from the group consisting of natural rubber, 1,4-cis polybutadiene, polychloroprene, 1,4-cis polyisoprene, optionally halogenated isoprene-isobutene copolymers, butadiene-acrylonitrile, styrene-butadiene and styrene-butadiene-isoprene terpolymers, either prepared in solution or in emulsion, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers. 97. An artificial turf sports field, comprising a porous mat and a layer comprising the particles of claim 1 over the mat, wherein the first and optional second portions of binder comprise an elastomer. 98. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the composite particle is suitable for at least one use selected from the group consisting of proppant, filtration media and sports field media. 99. The composite particle of claim 1, wherein the composite particle is suitable for use as gravel pack about a wellbore.
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