초록 ▼

The present invention relates to noise reduction technology for controlling exhaust noise in internal combustion engines such as an automobile engine and/or noise in a duct of an air delivery system such as air conditioning systems, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for controlling

The present invention relates to noise reduction technology for controlling exhaust noise in internal combustion engines such as an automobile engine and/or noise in a duct of an air delivery system such as air conditioning systems, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for controlling exhaust noise in an internal combustion engine or noise in a duct of an air delivery system using a conduit bypass pipe having variable or fixed lengths and dual mufflers.

대표청구항 ▼

The present invention relates to noise reduction technology for controlling exhaust noise in internal combustion engines such as an automobile engine and/or noise in a duct of an air delivery system such as air conditioning systems, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for controlling

The present invention relates to noise reduction technology for controlling exhaust noise in internal combustion engines such as an automobile engine and/or noise in a duct of an air delivery system such as air conditioning systems, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for controlling exhaust noise in an internal combustion engine or noise in a duct of an air delivery system using a conduit bypass pipe having variable or fixed lengths and dual mufflers. claim 13 wherein the sources are 241Am 60 keV gamma sources. 17. Combined arrays as claimed in claim 13 wherein the sources have an intensity of from 4×108to 4×109Becquerel. 18. Combined arrays as claimed in claim 13 in which the detector array includes at least two columns of detectors, the columns of detectors being radially angularly displaced from each other substantially equidistant from the source array. 19. Combined arrays as claimed in claim 13 in which in the array of sources, two beams are collimated from single sources. 20. Combined arrays as claimed in claim 13 in which in the detectors are Geiger-Muller tubes or scintillation detectors linked with photomultipliers, or unpowered scintillation devices. 21. Combined arrays as claimed in claim 13 in which the source and detector arrays of the density profiler are placed in dip tubes of titanium and have a wall thickness of from 1 to 3 mm. 22. An oil separator for an input stream having oil, aqueous and gas phases incorporating a density profiler having: a) an axially distributed array of sources capable of providing at least 10 collimated beams of ionising radiation; b) an axially distributed array of radiation detectors, each detector being associated in use with a respective one of the said beams of ionising radiation and positioned such that the beam length between a source and a respective detector is from 3 to 15 cm, and each detector producing an output signal in response to the incidence of the ionising radiation; and c) means for analysing the detector output signals to determine the density of the medium traversed by the beams of radiation in passing from the source array to the detector arrays wherein the density profiler is positioned to measure the density of the oil, aqueous and gas phases. 23. A method of measuring the density profile of a medium including oil, aqueous and gas phases using a density profiler having: a) an axially distributed array of sources capable of providing at least 10 collimated beams of ionising radiation; b) an axially distributed array of radiation detectors, each detector being associated in use with a respective one of the said beams of ionising radiation and positioned such that the beam length between a source and a respective detector is from 3 to 15 cm, and each detector producing an output signal in response to the incidence of the ionising radiation; and c) means for analysing the detector output signals to determine the density of the medium traversed by the beams of radiation in passing from the source array to the detector arrays, in which the source array and detector array of the density profiler are positioned in a region of the medium in which the different phases are at least partially separated. 24. A method as claimed in claim 23 used to determine the position of the phase boundaries in an oil separator and the inlet flow rate to the separator and/or one or more outlet flow rates from the separator are controlled to maintain the position of the phase boundaries within predetermined limits. 25. A method as claimed in claim 23 used to determine the thickness of the interphase regions in an oil and the concentration of chemicals added to the separator to reduce the formation of interphases is controlled to maintain the thickness of the interphase regions within predetermined limits. 26. A method as claimed in claim 25 in which the chemicals added to the separator include at least one anti-foam agent and/or demulsifier. 27. A combined radiation source holder and collimator comprising a) a source holder in the form of a rod having a plurality of holes adapted to receive radiation sources and b) a collimator tube, arranged telescopically with the rod and made of radiation absorbent material, said tube having transmission holes therein, said rod and tube being moveable relative to one another so that in a first position each source is in registry with at least one transmission hole aligned to provide a path along which radiation from the source traverses the co thickness of the tube to produce a collimated beam of radiation which is projected laterally relative to the rod and tube, and in a second position each source is masked by a portion of the tube so that no collimated beam of radiation is generated. 28. A combined source holder and collimator as claimed in claim 27 in which the holes adapted to receive radiation sources are radial holes in the source holder rod. 29. A combined source holder and collimator as claimed in claim 27 in which the tube of radiation absorbent material is arranged substantially coaxially with the source holder rod. 30. A combined source holder and collimator as claimed in claim 27 in which the source holder rod and the tube of radiation absorbent material are axially moveable relative to one another. 31. A combined source holder and collimator as claimed in claim 30 in which the source holder rod and tube of radiation absorbent material are axially moveable relative to one another between a first position in which at least one collimated beam is generated from each source and a second position in which each source is masked by a portion of the tube so that the bulk of the radiation from the source is absorbed or scattered and no collimated beam of radiation is generated. 32. In combination, a vessel for containing a medium including at least two liquid phases and a gaseous phase and a density profiler comprising: a) a first dip tube located within said vessel and containing an axially distributed array of sources capable of providing at least 10 collimated beams of ionizing radiation; b) at least one further dip tube located within the vessel and containing an axially distributed array of radiation detectors, each detector being associated in use with a respective one of the said beams of ionizing radiation and positioned such that the beam length between a source and a respective detector is from 3 to 15 cm, and each detector producing an output signal in response to the incidence of the ionizing radiation; and c) means for analyzing the detector output signals to determine the density of the medium traversed by the beams of radiation in passing from the source array to the detector array. ure, aging and reception power can be entirely eliminated by the invention in electro-optic distance measuring devices.