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A method of controlling the temperature of water in a water heater. The water heater includes a tank for storing water and a heating element capable of being powered by a power source. In one embodiment, the method includes the acts of determining an element characteristic of the heating element, se

A method of controlling the temperature of water in a water heater. The water heater includes a tank for storing water and a heating element capable of being powered by a power source. In one embodiment, the method includes the acts of determining an element characteristic of the heating element, sensing a temperature of the water in the tank, calculating an amount of power to be provided to the heating element based on the element characteristic and water temperature, and transmitting the amount of power from the power source to the heating element.

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A method of controlling the temperature of water in a water heater. The water heater includes a tank for storing water and a heating element capable of being powered by a power source. In one embodiment, the method includes the acts of determining an element characteristic of the heating element, se

A method of controlling the temperature of water in a water heater. The water heater includes a tank for storing water and a heating element capable of being powered by a power source. In one embodiment, the method includes the acts of determining an element characteristic of the heating element, sensing a temperature of the water in the tank, calculating an amount of power to be provided to the heating element based on the element characteristic and water temperature, and transmitting the amount of power from the power source to the heating element. d of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: comparing the axes and dimensions of the grooves with the axes and dimensions stored in the computer; stopping forming the grooves when the differences between the axes and dimensions of the grooves and the axes and dimensions stored in the computer are larger than a threshold; and realigning the axes of the grooves with the axes of the waveguides. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of: comparing the axes and dimensions of the grooves with the axes and dimensions stored in the computer; stopping forming the grooves when the differences between the axes and dimensions of the grooves and the axes and dimensions stored in the computer are larger than a threshold; and realigning the axes of the grooves with the axes of the waveguides. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a lens is used for scanning the light source therethrough on the first side of the waveguide element. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the image of the light source is captured by a CCD camera or a light power meter. 7. A method for aligning optical fibers in a waveguide element, comprising the steps of: scanning a light source of visible broadband on a first side of the waveguide element, the waveguide element having at least one waveguide; capturing an image of the scanned light on a second side of the waveguide element, the second side being opposite the first side; processing the captured image to convert the image into analysis data; inputting the analysis data into a computer; using a laser system to mill at least one optical fiber groove in the second side of the waveguide element; controlling the laser system with the computer to mill the at least one groove; and inserting an optical fiber into the at least one groove after completion of the milling. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the computer controls the milling by using the analysis data to substantially align the axes of the at least one groove being milled with the axes of the at least one waveguide in the waveguide element. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of: storing in the computer a predetermined precision value of aligning the axes of the at least one groove with the axes of the at least one waveguide; comparing the predetermined precision value with an actual precision value determined from the analysis data of aligning the axes of the at least one milled groove with the axes of the at least one waveguide; stopping the milling of the at least one groove; realigning the axes of the at least one groove with the axes of the at least one waveguide; and continuing the milling of the at least one groove. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of milling a second optical fiber groove on the first side of the waveguide element. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the groove is circular in cross-section. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the groove is U-shaped or V-shaped. 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of mechanically milling the groove after laser milling for improving milling precision. 14. A method for aligning optical fibers in a waveguide element, comprising the steps of: scanning a light source of visible broadband on a first side of the waveguide element, the waveguide element having waveguides, wherein the light passes through the waveguide element to a second side of the waveguide element; condensing the scanned light on the second side of the waveguide element; capturing an image of the scanned light on the second side of the waveguide element; processing the captured image to convert the image into analysis data; inputting the analysis data into a computer; oscillating a laser to form optical fiber grooves on the second side of the waveguide element; controlling the laser with the computer to form the grooves, the computer using the analysis data to control the laser; and inserting optical fibers into the grooves after c ompletion of the milling. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the light is condensed on the second side of the waveguide element through a lens. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the grooves are formed by overlapping a plurality circles cut into the waveguide element by the laser. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of stopping the oscillation of the laser when the diameter of the grooves being formed by the laser deviates from a predetermined diameter stored in the computer. ing.* "Improved robust watermarking through attack characterization" by Deepa Kundur et al. Optics Express 485 1998.* "Copyright protection of digital images by embedded unperceivable marks" by Mauro Barni et al. 1998.* Fridrich J: "Robust Bit Extraction from Images"; Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, Jun. 1999, XP000939253, p. 536, right-hand column, line 35--p. 537, right-hand column, line 42. Kundur D. et al.: "Attach Characterization for Effective Watermarking"; Kobe, Japan, Oct. 24-28, 1999, Los Alamitos, Ca: IEEE, US, Oct. 1999, pp. 240-244, XP000939230, ISBN: 0-7803-5468-0, p. 242, left-hand column, line 9-line 22. Ruanaidh JJKO et al.: "Phase Watermarking of Digital Images" Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), US, New York, IEEE, Sep. 16, 1996, pp. 239-242, XP000199952, ISBN: 0-7803-3259-8 the whole document. imes the frequency of said main noise component are eliminated at said two connection points of each of said main exhaust pipe and said first and second bypass pipes, and the remaining noises of other wide frequencies pass through said lower back pressure muffler, and when the engine revolution per minute is lower than the predetermined value, the exhaust noise passes through the higher back pressure muffler. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said lower back pressure muffler and said higher back pressure muffler are bifurcated downstream of said main exhaust pipe, and said apparatus further comprises a valve which is controlled by said controller for selectively communicating said main exhaust pipe with said mufflers and wherein the valve is disposed in said main exhaust pipe. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said lower back pressure muffler and said higher back pressure muffler are implemented as a dual mode type muffler which is installed downstream of said main exhaust pipe and is controlled by said controller and selectively actuated to function as one of a higher back pressure muffler and a lower back pressure muffler. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said lower back pressure muffler and said higher back pressure muffler are implemented as a dual mode type muffler which is installed downstream of said main exhaust pipe and is selectively actuated as a higher back pressure muffler or a lower back pressure muffler in accordance with the exhaust gas pressure. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus further comprises a second exhaust pipe bifurcated upstream of said first bypass pipe from said main exhaust pipe, and a valve which is controlled by said controller for selectively communicating two exhaust gas passages defined by said main exhaust pipe and the second exhaust pipe, the valve being disposed between said main exhaust pipe and the second exhaust pipe, and wherein said lower back pressure muffler is installed downstream of said main exhaust pipe, and said higher back pressure muffler is installed downstream of the second exhaust pipe. 6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of said first and second bypass pipes comprise U-shaped outer cylindrical body and inner cylindrical body, which are telescopically connected to each other, and the length of each said bypass pipes is adapted to be varied by variations in lengths of actuating rods of said actuators which are actuated by a control signal from said controller. 7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said first and second bypass pipes comprise bellows type bypass pipes, and the length of each said bypass pipes is adapted to be varied by variations in lengths of actuating rods of each said actuators which are actuated by a control signal from said controller. 8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said first and second bypass pipes comprise multi-step telescopic type bypass pipes, and the length of each said bypass pipes is adapted to be varied by variations in lengths of actuating rods of each said actuators which are actuated by a control signal from said controller. 9. An active exhaust noise control apparatus, comprising: a main exhaust pipe 11, a bypass pipe 12 having variable length and connected to said main exhaust pipe 11 at both ends thereof so that a bypass section is defined in the passage of the main exhaust pipe 11, an actuator 14 being actuated so as to vary the length of said bypass pipe 12 by varying the length of the actuating rod 14a, and a controller 21 for controlling said actuator 14, said apparatus further comprises a lower back pressure muffler 18 and a higher back pressure muffler 19 which are bifurcated and installed downstream of the main exhaust pipe 11, and a valve 20 for selectively communicating the main exhaust pipe 11 with two mufflers 18 and 19, and said valve 20 is controlled by said contr oller 21. 10. A noise control apparatus for controlling noise inside a duct of an air delivering system, comprising: a main air delivering duct 15, a first bypass duct 53 of which both ends are connected to said air delivering duct 51 so that a first bypass section is defined in the passage of the air delivering duct 51, a second bypass duct 55 of which both ends are connected to said main air delivering duct 51 so that a second bypass section is defined in the passage of the main air delivering duct 51, wherein the length of the first bypass duct 53 is selected so that the lengths of the two air delivering passages passing through the two connection points of the main air delivering duct 51 and the bypass duct 53 differs from each other by a half wavelength of the main noise component occurring in the gas delivering system, and wherein the length of the second bypass duct 55 is selected so that the lengths of the two air delivering passages passing through the two connection points of the main air delivering duct 51 and the bypass duct 55 differs from each other by a half wavelength of component having a frequency of two times the frequency of the main noise components occurring in the air delivering system. 11. A method for controlling exhaust noise from an internal combustion engine, comprising the steps of: analyzing a main noise component passing through a main exhaust pipe with a controller; actuating a first actuator with said controller to select a length of a first bypass pipe such that the lengths of two air delivering passages each passing through one of two connection points of said main exhaust pipe with the first bypass pipe differ from each other by a half wavelength of said main noise component to eliminate said main noise component and noise components having frequencies multiplied by odd integers to the frequency of said main noise component; actuating a second actuator with said controller to select a length of a second bypass pipe such that the lengths of two air delivering passages each passing through one of two connection points of said main exhaust pipe with the second bypass pipe differ from each other by a half wavelength of a noise component having a frequency of two times the frequency of said main noise component to eliminate the noise component having a frequency of two times the frequency of said main noise component; and controlling a valve with said controller to communicate said main exhaust pipe with a lower back pressure muffler at an engine rotation speed higher than a predetermined value so that remaining noises of other wide frequencies pass through the lower back pressure muffler, and to communicate said main exhaust pipe with a higher back pressure muffler at one of an engine rotation speed lower than a predetermined value and upon cold starting said engine so that the exhaust noise passes through the higher back pressure muffler. 12. A method for controlling exhaust noise from an internal combustion engine, comprising the steps of: analyzing a main noise component passing through a main exhaust pipe with a controller; actuating a first actuator with said controller to select a length of a first bypass pipe such that the lengths of two air delivering passages each passing through one of two connection points of said main exhaust pipe with the first bypass pipe differ from each other by a half wavelength of said main noise component to eliminate said main noise component and noise components having frequencies multiplied by odd integers to the frequency of said main noise component; actuating a second actuator with said controller to select a length of a second bypass pipe such that the lengths of two air delivering passages each passing through one of two connection points of said main exhaust pipe with the second bypass pipe differ from each other by a half wavelength of a noise component having a frequency of two times the frequency of said main noise component t