IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0872957
(2001-06-01)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Condit, David A.
- Breault, Richard D.
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출원인 / 주소 |
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
19 인용 특허 :
13 |
초록
▼
A fuel cell system is shut down by disconnecting the primary load, shutting off the air flow, and controlling the fuel flow into the system (including shutting off the fuel flow) and the gas flow out of the system in a manner that results in the fuel cell gases coming to equilibrium across the cells
A fuel cell system is shut down by disconnecting the primary load, shutting off the air flow, and controlling the fuel flow into the system (including shutting off the fuel flow) and the gas flow out of the system in a manner that results in the fuel cell gases coming to equilibrium across the cells at a gas composition of at least 0.0001% hydrogen (by volume), and preferably between 1.0% and less than 4.0% hydrogen, by volume, with a balance of nitrogen and possibly other gases inert and harmless to the fuel cell, all the oxygen having been consumed by reacting with the hydrogen within the cell. That gas composition is maintained within the cells throughout shut-down, such as by adding hydrogen to replace any that is consumed by reaction with air leaking into the cells during the period of shut-down. This shut-down procedure causes virtually no cell performance losses.
대표청구항
▼
A fuel cell system is shut down by disconnecting the primary load, shutting off the air flow, and controlling the fuel flow into the system (including shutting off the fuel flow) and the gas flow out of the system in a manner that results in the fuel cell gases coming to equilibrium across the cells
A fuel cell system is shut down by disconnecting the primary load, shutting off the air flow, and controlling the fuel flow into the system (including shutting off the fuel flow) and the gas flow out of the system in a manner that results in the fuel cell gases coming to equilibrium across the cells at a gas composition of at least 0.0001% hydrogen (by volume), and preferably between 1.0% and less than 4.0% hydrogen, by volume, with a balance of nitrogen and possibly other gases inert and harmless to the fuel cell, all the oxygen having been consumed by reacting with the hydrogen within the cell. That gas composition is maintained within the cells throughout shut-down, such as by adding hydrogen to replace any that is consumed by reaction with air leaking into the cells during the period of shut-down. This shut-down procedure causes virtually no cell performance losses. g phase comprises nickel. 6. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 1, wherein said aluminum diffusion-retarding phase comprises a combination of nickel and rhenium. 7. A high temperature coating according to claim 1, wherein said at least one aluminum diffusion-retarding phase comprises 10-90 wt. % nickel and 90-10 wt. % rhenium. 8. A high temperature coating according to claim 1, wherein said at least one aluminum diffusion-retarding phase comprises 40-60 wt. % nickel and 60-40 wt. % rhenium. 9. A high temperature coating according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the MCrAlX phase ranges from 50-95 parts by weight, and the amount of the aluminum-rich phase ranges from 5-50 parts by weight. 10. A high temperature coating according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the MCrAlX phase ranges from 70-90 parts by weight, and the amount of the aluminum-rich phase ranges from 10-30 parts by weight. 11. A high temperature coating according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the MCrAlX phase ranges from 85-90 parts by weight, and the amount of the aluminum-rich phase ranges from 10-15 parts by weight. 12. A high temperature coating according to claim 1, wherein the MCrAlX phase comprises no more than 10 wt. % aluminum, and the aluminum-rich phase comprises at least 15 wt. % aluminum. 13. A high temperature coating according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-rich phase comprises at least 40 wt. % aluminum. 14. A high temperature coating according to claim 1, wherein said aluminum-rich phase comprises 30 wt. % nickel, 20 wt. % rhenium and 50 wt. % aluminum. 15. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 1, wherein said aluminum-rich phase is derived from a particulate aluminum composite comprising: a core comprising aluminum metal; and a shell comprising at least one aluminum diffusion-retarding metal. 16. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 15, wherein the core comprises at least 15 wt. % aluminum. 17. A high temperature coating according to claim 15, wherein the core comprises at least 40 wt. % aluminum. 18. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 15, wherein the shell comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of rhenium, nickel, lanthanum, hafnium, tantalum, cobalt, chromium, iron, niobium, titanium molybdenum, rhodium, cadmium, indium, silicon, boron, carbon, platinum, osmium, cerium, and combinations thereof. 19. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 15, wherein the shell comprises nickel, rhenium, or a combination thereof. 20. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 15, wherein the shell comprises nickel. 21. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 15, wherein the shell comprises rhenium. 22. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 15, wherein the shell comprises a combination or nickel and rhenium. 23. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 15, wherein the shell comprises a first inner layer and a second outer layer. 24. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 23, wherein the first inner layer comprises rhenium and the second outer layer comprises nickel. 25. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 15, wherein said shell comprises: 10-90 parts by weight nickel; and 90-10 parts by weight rhenium. 26. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 15, wherein said shell comprises: 40-60 parts by weight nickel; and 60-40 parts by weight rhenium. 27. A particulate aluminum composite comprising a core comprising aluminum metal; and a shell comprising rhenium. 28. A particulate aluminum composite according to claim 27, wherein the shell comprises a combination of nickel and rhenium. 29. A particulate aluminum composite according to claim 27, wherein the shell comprises a first inner layer comprising rhenium and a second layer outer comprising nickel. 30. A particulate aluminum compo site according to claim 27, wherein said shell comprises: 10-90 parts by weight nickel; and 90-10 parts by weight rhenium. 31. A particulate aluminum composite according to claim 27, wherein said shell comprises: 40-60 parts by weight nickel; and 60-40 parts by weight rhenium. 32. A particulate aluminum composite according to claim 27 comprising overall 30 wt. % nickel, 20 wt. % rhenium and 50 wt. % aluminum. 33. A crack-resistant gas turbine component comprising: a high temperature coating composition; and a superalloy substrate, wherein said high temperature coating composition comprises: a MCrAlX phase; an aluminum-rich phase comprising aluminum at a higher concentration than aluminum concentration in the MCrAlX alloy; and an aluminum diffusion-retarding phase; M is iron, cobalt nickel, or a combination thereof; and X is yttrium, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, rhodium, cadmium, indium, titanium, niobium, silicon, boron, carbon, zirconium, cerium, platinum, or a combination thereof. 34. A high temperature coating composition according to claim 1, comprising overall 25-100 wt % M, 5-55 wt % aluminum, and 0.025-36 wt % rhenium. dmium, indium, cerium, iron, chromium, tantalum, silicon, boron, carbon, titanium, tungsten, rhenium, platinum, and combinations thereof, and particularly nickel and/or rhenium. The aluminum-rich phase may be derived from a particulate aluminum composite that has a core comprising aluminum and a shell comprising the aluminum diffusion-retarding composition.
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