초록 ▼

A solid oxide fuel cell arrangement and method of use that provides internal preheating of both fuel and air in order to maintain the optimum operating temperature for the production of energy. The internal preheat passes are created by the addition of two plates, one on either side of the bipolar p

A solid oxide fuel cell arrangement and method of use that provides internal preheating of both fuel and air in order to maintain the optimum operating temperature for the production of energy. The internal preheat passes are created by the addition of two plates, one on either side of the bipolar plate, such that these plates create additional passes through the fuel cell. This internal preheat fuel cell configuration and method reduce the requirements for external heat exchanger units and air compressors. Air or fuel may be added to the fuel cell as required to maintain the optimum operating temperature through a cathode control valve or an anode control valve, respectively. A control loop comprises a temperature sensing means within the preheat air and fuel passes, a means to compare the measured temperature to a set point temperature and a determination based on the comparison as to whether the control valves should allow additional air or fuel into the preheat or bypass manifolds of the fuel cell.

대표청구항 ▼

A solid oxide fuel cell arrangement and method of use that provides internal preheating of both fuel and air in order to maintain the optimum operating temperature for the production of energy. The internal preheat passes are created by the addition of two plates, one on either side of the bipolar p

A solid oxide fuel cell arrangement and method of use that provides internal preheating of both fuel and air in order to maintain the optimum operating temperature for the production of energy. The internal preheat passes are created by the addition of two plates, one on either side of the bipolar plate, such that these plates create additional passes through the fuel cell. This internal preheat fuel cell configuration and method reduce the requirements for external heat exchanger units and air compressors. Air or fuel may be added to the fuel cell as required to maintain the optimum operating temperature through a cathode control valve or an anode control valve, respectively. A control loop comprises a temperature sensing means within the preheat air and fuel passes, a means to compare the measured temperature to a set point temperature and a determination based on the comparison as to whether the control valves should allow additional air or fuel into the preheat or bypass manifolds of the fuel cell. he magnetic layer A on the side far from said substrate at 0K as obtained by extrapolating values of coercivity at 200K and 100K is 0.7 or less. 4. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 3, wherein said ratio HcoB/HcoA is at least 0.4 and not more than 0.65. 5. A thin film magnetic recording medium, having: at least 2 magnetic layers formed on a non-magnetic substrate; and a non-magnetic intermediate layer that is interposed between said magnetic layers and causes magnetizations of said magnetic layers to be anti-parallel to one another; wherein a ratio HkB/HkA of an anisotropic magnetic field strength HkB of a magnetic layer on a side near to said substrate to an anisotropic magnetic field strength HkA of a magnetic layer on a side far from said substrate is 0.7 or less, and wherein a value (HcoA-HcoB)/(πa*dH/dx) is 0.8 or more, where HcoB is a coercivity of the magnetic layer B on the side near to said substrate at 0K as obtained by extrapolating values thereof at 200K and 100K, HcoA is a coercivity of the magnetic layer A on the side far from said substrate at 0K as obtained by extrapolating values thereof at 200K and 100K, dH/dx is a derivative in a track direction of a track direction component of a magnetic field from a magnetic recording head used together with said magnetic recording medium in a magnetic recording/playback device, taken in a position where said track direction component is HcoA in the center of the track and the center of the thickness direction of said magnetic layer A, and πa is a magnetic transition width of an isolated transition formed on said magnetic recording medium using said magnetic recording head. 6. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 5, wherein said value (HcoA-HcoB)/(πa*dH/dx) is at least 0.9 and not more than 1.5. 7. A thin film magnetic recording medium, having: at least 2 magnetic layers formed on a non-magnetic substrate; and a non-magnetic intermediate layer that is interposed between said magnetic layers and causes magnetizations of said magnetic layers to be anti-parallel to one another; wherein a ratio KuB/KuA of a magnetic anisotropy energy KuB of a magnetic layer on a side near to said substrate to a magnetic anisotropy energy KuA of a magnetic layer on a side far from said substrate is 0.7 or less. 8. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 7, wherein said ratio KuB/KuA is at least 0.4 and not more than 0.65. 9. A thin film magnetic recording medium, having: at least 2 magnetic layers formed on a non-magnetic substrate; and a non-magnetic intermediate layer that is interposed between said magnetic layers and causes magnetizations of said magnetic layers to be anti-parallel to one another; wherein a ratio HkB/HkA of an anisotropic magnetic field strength HkB of a magnetic layer on a side near to said substrate to an anisotropic magnetic field strength HkA of a magnetic layer on a side far from said substrate is 0.7 or less, and wherein during a process in which, at a temperature of 30K, a magnetic field is applied in a track direction to cause magnetic saturation, then the magnetic field is reduced at a rate of 3,000A/m per second, and then a magnetic field is applied in an opposite direction to cause magnetic saturation, the derivative of magnetization with respect to magnetic field strength has at least 2 peaks, and the magnetic field strengths giving said peaks are all in said direction of the last magnetic saturation. 10. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 9, wherein during a process in which, at a temperature of 135K, a magnetic field is applied in the track direction to cause magnetic saturation, then the magnetic field is reduced at a rate of 3,000A/m per second, and then a magnetic field is applied in the opposite direction to cause magnetic saturation, the derivative of magnetization with respect to magnetic field strength has at least 2 peaks, and at least one of the magnetic field strengths givin