초록 ▼

A new type of frequency-tunable active notch filter achieves frequency selectivity through interaction among input derived signal components that are passed through parallel signal channels in a forward-only direction. The notch filter differs from earlier channelized notch filters by using multiple

A new type of frequency-tunable active notch filter achieves frequency selectivity through interaction among input derived signal components that are passed through parallel signal channels in a forward-only direction. The notch filter differs from earlier channelized notch filters by using multiple, instead of just one, bandpass channels that maintain required forward signal flow in the main, passband-determining signal path without signal distortion at passband frequencies. The new approach has been experimentally verified with a hybrid-integrated three-channel filter whose 40-dB-deep band-reject notch can be continuously tuned, with the help of voltage-controlled variable-capacitance elements, from 9.5 to 10.5 GHz. A single-pole bandpass filter tunes in frequency with the help of only one variable capacitance element, yet still maintains constant passband width across the tuning span. One feature of the bandpass filter is the achievement of constant notch bandwidth across the entire frequency-tuning span of the notch filter.

대표청구항 ▼

A new type of frequency-tunable active notch filter achieves frequency selectivity through interaction among input derived signal components that are passed through parallel signal channels in a forward-only direction. The notch filter differs from earlier channelized notch filters by using multiple

A new type of frequency-tunable active notch filter achieves frequency selectivity through interaction among input derived signal components that are passed through parallel signal channels in a forward-only direction. The notch filter differs from earlier channelized notch filters by using multiple, instead of just one, bandpass channels that maintain required forward signal flow in the main, passband-determining signal path without signal distortion at passband frequencies. The new approach has been experimentally verified with a hybrid-integrated three-channel filter whose 40-dB-deep band-reject notch can be continuously tuned, with the help of voltage-controlled variable-capacitance elements, from 9.5 to 10.5 GHz. A single-pole bandpass filter tunes in frequency with the help of only one variable capacitance element, yet still maintains constant passband width across the tuning span. One feature of the bandpass filter is the achievement of constant notch bandwidth across the entire frequency-tuning span of the notch filter. bout 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the first input signal. 4. The amplifier of claim 3, wherein at least one of the first and second phase shift systems comprises first and second transistors having first and second emitters connected to a supply rail and first and second collectors, respectively, connected to a current source supplying a generally fixed current equal to the sum of currents through the first and second transistors, with a first base of the first transistor receiving a signal to be phase shifted, wherein the current through the second transistor is generally equal to the fixed current minus the current through the first transistor, and wherein the phase shifted signal associated with the at least one of the first and second phase shift systems comprises the current through the second transistor, by which the phase shifted signal is about 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the signal to be phase shifted. 5. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first and second low impedance input systems individually comprise: a low impedance sourcing input circuit operatively coupled with the corresponding input terminal to source input current thereto and to provide a corresponding sourcing input signal; and a low impedance sinking input circuit operatively coupled with the corresponding input terminal to sink input current therefrom and to provide a corresponding sinking input signal, wherein the first and second low impedance input systems provide the first and second input signals, respectively, and wherein the first and second input signals individually comprise the sourcing and sinking input signals from the corresponding one of the first and second low impedance input systems. 6. The amplifier of claim 5, wherein the first and second phase shift values are about 180 electrical degrees. 7. The amplifier of claim 5, wherein the first gain system comprises: a first sourcing gain circuit applying a first sourcing gain to a first sourcing input signal; a first sinking gain circuit applying a first sinking gain to a first sinking input signal; a first sourcing phase shift system operative to receive a second sourcing input signal and to provide a first sourcing phase shifted signal about 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the second sourcing input signal; a first sinking phase shift system operative to receive a second sinking input signal and to provide a first sinking phase shifted signal about 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the second sinking input signal; a second sourcing gain circuit applying a second sourcing gain to the first sourcing phase shifted signal; a second sinking gain circuit applying a second sinking gain to the first sinking phase shifted signal, and wherein the second gain system comprises: a third sourcing gain circuit applying a third sourcing gain to the second sourcing input signal; a third sinking gain circuit applying a third sinking gain to the second sinking input signal; a second sourcing phase shift system operative to receive the first sourcing input signal and to provide a second sourcing phase shifted signal about 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the first sourcing input signal; a second sinking phase shift system operative to receive the first sinking input signal and to provide a second sinking phase shifted signal about 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the first sinking input signal; a fourth sourcing gain circuit applying a fourth sourcing gain to the second sourcing phase shifted signal; and a fourth sinking gain circuit applying a fourth sinking gain to the second sinking phase shifted signal. 8. The amplifier of claim 7, wherein the first intermediate signal comprises the sum of the first sourcing input signal, the first sourcing phase shifted signal, the first sinking input signal, and the first sinking phase shifted signal, and wherein the second intermediate signal comprises the sum of the second sourcing input signal, the second sourcing phase shifted signal, the second sinking input signal, and the second sinking phase shifted signal. 9. The amplifier of claim 7, wherein at least one of the first sourcing phase shift system, the first sinking phase shift system, the second sourcing phase shift system, and the second sinking phase shift system comprises first and second transistors having first and second emitters connected to a supply rail and first and second collectors, respectively, connected to a current source supplying a generally fixed current equal to a sum of currents through the first and second transistors, with a first base of the first transistor receiving a signal to be phase shifted, wherein the current through the second transistor is generally equal to the generally fixed current minus a current through the first transistor, and wherein the phase shifted signal associated with the at least one of the first and second phase shift systems comprises a current through the second transistor, by which the phase shifted signal is about 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the signal to be phase shifted. 10. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first gain system comprises a first gain circuit applying a first gain to the first input signal, a first phase shift system operative to receive the second input signal and to provide the first phase shifted signal about 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the second input signal, and a second gain circuit applying a second gain to the first phase shifted signal, and wherein the second gain system comprises a third gain circuit applying a third gain to the second input signal, a second phase shift system operative to receive the first input signal and to provide the second phase shifted signal about 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the first input signal, and a fourth gain circuit applying a fourth gain to the second phase shifted signal. 11. The amplifier of claim 10, wherein at least one of the first and second phase shift systems comprises first and second transistors having first and second emitters connected to a supply rail and first and second collectors, respectively, connected to a current source supplying a generally fixed current equal to a sum of currents through the first and second transistors, with a first base of the first transistor receiving a signal to be phase shifted, wherein a current through the second transistor is generally equal to the generally fixed current minus a current through the first transistor, and wherein the phase shifted signal associated with the at least one of the first and second phase shift systems comprises the current through the second transistor, by which the phase shifted signal is about 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the signal to be phase shifted. 12. A current feedback amplifier for providing a differential output based on at least one input, comprising: first and second low impedance input systems operatively coupled with first and second input terminals to receive first and second input signals therefrom, respectively; first and second phase shifting systems providing first and second phase shifted input signals based on the second and first input signals, respectively; first and second intermediate systems providing first and second intermediate signals, respectively, wherein the first intermediate signal comprises the first input signal and the first phase shifted input signal, and wherein the second intermediate signal comprises the second input signal and the second phase shifted input signal; and first and second output buffers receiving the first and second intermediate signals, respectively, and operative to provide first and second differential output signals to first and second output terminals based on the first and second intermediate signals, respectively. 13. The amplifier of claim 12, wherein the first phase shifted input signal is shifted about 180 electrical degrees with respect to the second input signal, and wherein the second phase shifted input signal is shifted about 180 electrical degrees with respect to the first input signal. 14. The amplifier of claim 12, wherein at least one of the first and second phase shifting systems comprises first and second transistors having first and second emitters connected to a supply rail and first and second collectors, respectively, connected to a current source supplying a generally fixed current equal to a sum of currents through the first and second transistors, with a first base of the first transistor receiving a signal to be phase shifted, wherein a current through the second transistor is generally equal to the generally fixed current minus a current through the first transistor, and wherein the phase shifted input signal associated with the at least one of the first and second phase shifting systems comprises the current through the second transistor, by which the phase shifted input signal is about 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the signal to be phase shifted. 15. The amplifier of claim 12, wherein the first intermediate system comprises a first gain circuit applying a first gain to the first input signal and a second gain circuit applying a second gain to the first phase shifted input signal, and wherein the second intermediate system comprises a third gain circuit applying a third gain to the second input signal and a fourth gain circuit applying a fourth gain to the second phase shifted input signal. 16. A current feedback amplifier for providing a differential output based on at least one input, comprising: first and second low impedance input systems operatively coupled with first and second input terminals to receive first and second input signals therefrom, respectively; means for providing first and second phase shifted input signals based on the second and first input signals, respectively; means for summing the first input signal and the first phase shifted input signal to provide a first intermediate signal at a first intermediate node; means for summing the second input signal and the second phase shifted input signal to provide a second intermediate signal at a second intermediate node; and means for providing first and second differential output signals to first and second output terminals based on the first and second intermediate signals, respectively. 17. The amplifier of claim 16, wherein the means for providing first and second phase shifted input signals comprises first and second phase shift systems, wherein at least one of the first and second phase shift systems comprises first and second transistors having first and second emitters connected to a supply rail and first and second collectors, respectively, connected to a current source supplying a generally fixed current equal to a sum of currents through the first and second transistors, with a first base of the first transistor receiving a signal to be phase shifted, wherein a current through the second transistor is generally equal to the generally fixed current minus a current through the first transistor, and wherein the phase shifted signal associated with the at least one of the first and second phase shift systems comprises the current through the second transistor, by which the phase shifted input signal is about 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the signal to be phase shifted. 18. The amplifier of claim 16, wherein the means for summing the first input signal and the first phase shifted input signal comprises first and second transistors having first and second emitters connected to a supply rail and first and second collectors, respectively, connected to the first intermediate node, with a first base of the first transistor receiving the first input signal and a second base of the second transistor receiving the first phase shifted input signal, by which the first intermediate signal is provided at the first intermediate node as a sum of the first input signal and the first phase shifted input signal, and wherein the means for summing the second input signal and the second phase shifted input signal comprises third and fourth transistors having third and fourth emitters connected to a supply rail and third and fourth, respectively, connected to the second intermediate node, with a third base of the third transistor receiving the second input signal and a fourth base of the fourth transistor receiving the second phase shifted input signal, by which the second intermediate signal is provided at the second intermediate node as a sum of the second input signal and the second phase shifted input signal.