초록 ▼

A low power, paper white, direct-view display includes an array of hinged micromirrors that are deflected between two states, a first state in which the micromirror covers a portion of the background and a second state in which the micromirror uncovers the background. In one particular configuration

A low power, paper white, direct-view display includes an array of hinged micromirrors that are deflected between two states, a first state in which the micromirror covers a portion of the background and a second state in which the micromirror uncovers the background. In one particular configuration, a stability mechanism is incorporated in the display so that the micromirrors switch between stable states and remain in those stable states unless and until an actuating force is applied to the micromirrors that is sufficient to overcome an actuation threshold. The mechanics of the hinge, stiction due to Van der Waals forces or a combination of both can be used to provide bistability. Bistability allows power to be removed from the display between updates but requires active actuation between both states. The drive electronics are similar to those used in multiplexed LCDs.

대표청구항 ▼

A low power, paper white, direct-view display includes an array of hinged micromirrors that are deflected between two states, a first state in which the micromirror covers a portion of the background and a second state in which the micromirror uncovers the background. In one particular configuration

A low power, paper white, direct-view display includes an array of hinged micromirrors that are deflected between two states, a first state in which the micromirror covers a portion of the background and a second state in which the micromirror uncovers the background. In one particular configuration, a stability mechanism is incorporated in the display so that the micromirrors switch between stable states and remain in those stable states unless and until an actuating force is applied to the micromirrors that is sufficient to overcome an actuation threshold. The mechanics of the hinge, stiction due to Van der Waals forces or a combination of both can be used to provide bistability. Bistability allows power to be removed from the display between updates but requires active actuation between both states. The drive electronics are similar to those used in multiplexed LCDs. e system and said navigation data from said GPS/IMU integrated navigation system; (c.6) computing said second passive sensor location vector, expressed in said local navigation coordinate system, using knowledge of a second passive sensor location in said carrier body coordinate system and said navigation data from said GPS/IMU integrated navigation system;. (c.7) forming a first presumed target vector, expressed in navigation coordinates, by adding said first target-sensor vector and said first passive sensor location vector; (c.8) forming a second presumed target vector expressed in said navigation coordinates, by adding said second target-sensor vector and said second passive sensor location vector; (c.9) finding said first unknown distance and said second unknown distance, using said first presumed target vector and said second presumed target vector; (c.10) forming a first target vector, by inserting said first unknown distance into said first presumed target vector; (c.11) forming a second target vector, by inserting said second unknown distance into said second presumed target vector; and (c.12) forming a range vector measurement, using said first target vector and said second target vector; and (d) extracting three-dimensional position and velocity information of said target at a current epoch using said target range vector measurement. 2. The passive ranging and tracking method, as recited in claim 1, wherein the step (c.9) further comprises the steps of: (c.9.A1) forming a vector equation by differencing said first target vector and said second target vector; and (c.9.A2) finding said first unknown distance and said second unknown distance, by resolving said vector equation, thereby a first position of said first passive sensors in said carrier body coordinate system and said target determine a first straight line in a 3-dimensional space and a second position of said second passive sensors in said carrier body coordinate system and said target determine a second straight line in said 3-dimensional space, so that an intersecting point of said first and second straight lines is a ranged position of said target. 3. The passive ranging and tracking method, as recited in claim 1, wherein the step (c.9) further comprises the steps of: (c.9.B1) forming a formula for a distance parameter, which represents a distance of two points between said first target vector and said second target vector, using said first target vector and said second target vector; and (c.9.B2) finding a set of said first unknown distance and said second unknown distance, which makes a value of said distance parameter be minimal. 4. The passive ranging and tracking method, as recited in claim 1, wherein the step (c.9) further comprises the steps of: (c.9.C1) forming a vector equation by differencing said first target vector and said second target vector; and (c.9.C2) finding said first unknown distance and said second unknown distance, by resolving said vector equation using a least squares method. 5. The passive ranging and tracking method, as recited in claim 1, wherein the step (d) further comprises a step of filtering said range vector measurement at each epoch to estimate a current position of said target by a filter at said current epoch. 6. The passive ranging and tracking method, as recited in claim 2, wherein the step (d) further comprises a step of filtering said range vector measurement at each epoch to estimate a current position of said target by a filter at said current epoch. 7. The passive ranging and tracking method, as recited in claim 3, wherein the step (d) further comprises a step of filtering said range vector measurement at each epoch to estimate a current position of said target by a filter at said current epoch. 8. The passive ranging and tracking method, as recited in claim 4, wherein the step (d) further comprises a step of filtering said range vector measurement at each epoch to estimate a curren t position of said target by a filter at said current epoch. 9. A passive ranging and tracking method for tracking a target, comprising the steps of: (a) producing at least a first set of direction measurements and a second set of direction measurements of the target with respect to at least a first carrier and a second carrier from at least a first passive sensor and a second passive sensor through at least a first tracking control device and a second tracking control device respectively, wherein said first and second passive sensors and said first and second tracking control devices are installed on said carriers respectively and each of said first and second passive sensors is controlled by said respective tracking control device to keep pointing to said target; (b) producing navigation data of said first and second carriers, including position, velocity, and attitude data, using a first onboard navigation system provided on said first carrier and a second onboard navigation system on said second carrier; (c) computing a target range vector measurement of said target with respect to each of said carriers, using said two or more sets of direction measurements, wherein said first carrier and said second carrier are data-linked, wherein the step (c) further comprises the steps of: (c.1) forming a first presumed target-sensor vector, representing a direction measurement between said first passive sensor and said target, expressed in a first passive sensor coordinate system, using a first elevation angle and azimuth angle measurement of said target from an output of said first passive sensor and a first unknown distance formed between said first passive sensor and said target; (c.2) forming a second presumed target-sensor vector, representing a direction measurement between said second passive sensor and said target, expressed in a second passive sensor coordinate system, using a second elevation angle and azimuth angle measurement of said target from an output of said second passive sensor and a second unknown distance formed between said second passive sensor and said target; (c.3) converting said first presumed target-sensor vector from said first passive sensor coordinate system to a first navigation coordinate system of said first carrier, using first navigation data from a GPS/IMU integrated navigation system which provides position and attitude information of said first carrier; (c.4) converting said second presumed target-sensor vector from said second passive sensor coordinate system to a second navigation coordinate system of said second carrier, using said second navigation data from said GPS/IMU integrated navigation system which provides position and attitude information of said second carrier; (c.5) computing a first passive sensor location vector, expressed in a first local navigation coordinate system, using knowledge of a first passive sensor location in a first carrier body coordinate system and said first navigation data from said GPS/IMU integrated navigation system; (c.6) computing a second passive sensor location vector, expressed in a second local navigation coordinate system, using knowledge of a second passive sensor location in a second carrier body coordinate system and said second navigation data from said GPS/IMU integrated navigation system; (c.7) forming a first presumed target vector, expressed in navigation coordinates, by adding said first target-sensor vector and said first passive sensor location vector; (c.8) forming a second presumed target vector expressed in said navigation coordinates, by adding said second target-sensor vector and said second passive sensor location vector; (c.9) finding said first unknown distance and said second unknown distance, using said first presumed target vector and said second presumed target vector; (c.10) forming a first target vector, by inserting said first unknown distance into said first presumed target vector; (c.11) forming a second tar