IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0247788
(2002-09-19)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Van Calcar, Pamela
- Mackay, Richard
- Sammells, Anthony F.
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
Greenlee, Winner and Sullivan, P.C.
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
30 인용 특허 :
38 |
초록
▼
The invention relates to mixed phase materials for the preparation of catalytic membranes which exhibit ionic and electronic conduction and which exhibit improved mechanical strength compared to single phase ionic and electronic conducting materials. The mixed phase materials are useful for forming
The invention relates to mixed phase materials for the preparation of catalytic membranes which exhibit ionic and electronic conduction and which exhibit improved mechanical strength compared to single phase ionic and electronic conducting materials. The mixed phase materials are useful for forming gas impermeable membranes either as dense ceramic membranes or as dense thin films coated onto porous substrates. The membranes and materials of this invention are useful in catalytic membrane reactors in a variety of applications including synthesis gas production. One or more crystalline second phases are present in the mixed phase material at a level sufficient to enhance the mechanical strength of the mixture to provide membranes for practical application in CMRs.
대표청구항
▼
The invention relates to mixed phase materials for the preparation of catalytic membranes which exhibit ionic and electronic conduction and which exhibit improved mechanical strength compared to single phase ionic and electronic conducting materials. The mixed phase materials are useful for forming
The invention relates to mixed phase materials for the preparation of catalytic membranes which exhibit ionic and electronic conduction and which exhibit improved mechanical strength compared to single phase ionic and electronic conducting materials. The mixed phase materials are useful for forming gas impermeable membranes either as dense ceramic membranes or as dense thin films coated onto porous substrates. The membranes and materials of this invention are useful in catalytic membrane reactors in a variety of applications including synthesis gas production. One or more crystalline second phases are present in the mixed phase material at a level sufficient to enhance the mechanical strength of the mixture to provide membranes for practical application in CMRs. ports the existing natural bone socket portion of the natural bone joint and straddles adjacent healthy bone tissue. 6. A bone socket support system for supporting a natural bone socket portion of a bone joint adjacent weak, damaged, or missing tissue, the bone socket support system including a bone socket support comprising: a support piece forming a first portion of said bone socket support, said support piece having a first end and a second end; a semi-resilient pad having a smooth concave support surface for receiving and securing to a back surface of the natural bone socket portion, a pad support on the second end of the support stem centrally positioned with respect to said pad for supporting at least a central region of said pad; and securing means comprising biocompatible screws for fixedly securing said support piece to the healthy bone tissue; wherein said bone socket support replaces removed supporting tissue by bridging the void created by the removed tissue and supports the existing natural bone socket portion of the bone joint. --(OR3)2; S--CN; S--CO--R3; S--CS--R3; S--R3; SO--R3; SO2--NHR3 and the salts derived therefrom; SO2--R3; SO3H and the salts derived therefrom; and wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 independently represents a member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, an aryl and a vinyl. 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein said pentamethine oxonol barbituric acid dye(s) is(are) represented by general formula (III) wherein each of R4 and R5, which may be the same or different, represents: hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and each of R6 and R7, which may be the same or different, represents: one of the groups represented by R4 and R5, or cycloalkyl. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pyrrol dye and the at least one pentamethine oxonol barbituric acid dye are in molar ratio amounts of from 1:1 up to 3:1. aging plate of the pair of engaging plates comprises biocompatible ceramic. 9. The spinal implant of claim 1, wherein an engaging plate of the pair of engaging plates comprises biocompatible polymer. 10. The spinal implant of claim 1, further comprising bone graft material. 11. The spinal implant of claim 10, wherein the bone graft material is positioned between the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates. 12. The spinal implant of claim 11, further comprising a retaining plate positioned between the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates to keep the bone graft material within the spinal implant. 13. The spinal implant of claim 1, further comprising openings in an engaging plate of the pair of engaging plates. 14. The spinal implant of claim 13, further comprising bone graft material positioned between engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates. 15. The spinal implant of claim 1, further comprising openings through an engaging plate of the pair of engaging plates, and wherein an area of the openings is greater than about fifty percent of the total surface area of an outer surface of the engaging plate. 16. The spinal implant of claim 1, wherein the bracket assembly supports the first alignment device. 17. The spinal implant of claim 16, wherein the bracket assembly comprises grooves configured to conform to a curvature of the first alignment device. 18. The spinal implant of claim 1, wherein an engaging plate of the pair of engaging plates comprises a groove configured to conform to a curvature of the first alignment device. 19. A spinal implant for facilitating a fusion between neighboring vertebrae of a spine, comprising: a bracket assembly having a first side edge located opposite a second side edge; a pair of engaging plates adapted to fit between and engage the vertebrae to maintain a disc space between the vertebrae during use, each engaging plate of the pair of engaging plates comprising an inner surface, wherein an engaging plate of the pair of engaging plates is configured to move relative to the bracket assembly; a first pair of cam blocks configured to be coupled to inner surfaces of engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates during use; a second pair of cam blocks configured to be coupled to the inner surfaces of the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates during use; a first member coupled to the first pair of cam blocks and to the bracket assembly adjacent the first side edge, wherein the first member is configured such that rotation of the first member in a first direction moves the first pair of cam blocks such that a first posterior height of the pair of engaging plates adjacent the first side edge is increased and such that a first anterior height of the pair of engaging plates adjacent the first side edge is increased; and a second member coupled to the second pair of cam blocks and to the bracket assembly adjacent the second side edge, wherein the second member is configured such that rotation of the second member in a second direction moves the second pair of cam blocks such that a second posterior height of the pair of engaging plates adjacent the second side edge is increased and such that a second anterior height of the pair of engaging plates adjacent the second side edge is increased. 20. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein a posterior height of the pair of engaging plates varies between a first location proximate the first side edge and a second location proximate the second side edge such that the posterior height ranges between about a height of the pair of engaging plates at the first location and about a height of the pair of engaging plates at the second location. 21. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein an anterior height of the pair of engaging plates varies between a first location proximate the first side edge and a second location proximate the second side edge such that the anterior height ranges from between about a height of the pair of enga ging plates at the first location and a height of the pair of engaging plates at the second location. 22. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein a posterior height of the pair of engaging plates varies between a first location proximate the first side edge and a second location proximate the second side edge such that the posterior height ranges between about a height of the pair of engaging plates at the first location and about a height of the pair of engaging plates at the second location and wherein an anterior height varies between a third location proximate the first side edge and a fourth location proximate the second side edge such that the anterior height ranges between about a height of the pair of engaging plates at the third location and about a height of the pair of engaging plates at the fourth location. 23. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein the first member is oriented substantially parallel to and substantially adjacent the first side edge of the bracket assembly, and wherein the second member is oriented substantially parallel to and substantially adjacent the second side edge of the bracket assembly. 24. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein the bracket assembly supports the first member and the second member. 25. The spinal implant of claim 24, wherein the bracket assembly comprises ends including arcuate grooves configured to conform to a curvature of the first member. 26. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein the inner surfaces of the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates include arcuate grooves configured to conform to a curvature of the first member. 27. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein the inner surface of each of the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates comprises a sloped track, and wherein the first pair of cam blocks couple to the sloped tracks such that rotation of the first member moves the first pair of cam blocks to adjust the first anterior height of the pair of engaging plates and the first posterior height of the pair of engaging plates during use. 28. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein the inner surface of each of the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates comprises a sloped track, wherein the first pair of cam blocks couple to the sloped tracks, and wherein each cam block of the first pair of cam blocks includes a first surface sloped to substantially conform to the sloped tracks in the inner surfaces of the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates. 29. The spinal implant of claim 28, wherein the first surface of each cam block of the first pair of cam blocks and the sloped tracks in the inner surfaces of the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates are configured such that movement of the cam blocks of the first pair of cam blocks toward each other increases the first anterior height of the pair of engaging plates and the first posterior height of the pair of engaging plates during use. 30. The spinal implant of claim 25, wherein the first surface of each cam block of the first pair of cam blocks and the sloped tracks in the inner surfaces of the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates are configured such that movement of the cam blocks of the first pair of cam blocks toward each other decreases the first anterior height of the pair of engaging plates and the first posterior height of the pair of engaging plates during use. 31. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein the spinal implant comprises a biocompatible material. 32. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein outer surfaces of the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates are substantially planar so as to inhibit subsidence of the vertebrae during use. 33. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates comprise a plurality of openings to allow bone growth to occur through the engaging plates during use. 34. The spinal implant of claim 19, further comprising bone graft material packed between the engaging plates of the p air of engaging plates, wherein the engaging plates comprise a plurality of openings to allow bone growth to occur through the engaging plates during use. 35. The spinal implant of claim 19, further comprising protrusions extending from at least one of the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates for enhancing engagement between a vertebra of the neighboring vertebrae and the spinal implant during use. 36. The spinal implant of claim 19, further comprising protrusions extending from at least one of the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates for enhancing engagement between the spine and the spinal implant during use, the protrusions being adapted to extend into the spine. 37. The spinal implant of claim 19, further comprising bone graft material and a retaining plate, the bone graft material being packed between the engaging plates of the pair of engaging plates, the retaining plate being configured to keep the bone graft material between the engaging plates during use. 38. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein at least one engaging plate of the pair of engaging plates comprises a face and openings extending through the face to allow bone growth to occur through the at least one engaging plate during use, the openings having a total area that is greater than about fifty percent of a total surface area of the face. 39. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein at least one engaging plate of the pair of engaging plates comprises a face and openings extending through the face to allow bone growth to occur through the engaging plate during use, the openings having a total area that is between about sixty percent and about eighty percent of a total surface area of the face. 40. The spinal implant of claim 19, wherein an end of the first member includes an indentation adapted to accept a tip of an adjusting tool that rotates the first member. 41. The spinal implant of claim 40, wherein the adjusting tool comprises a tool selected from the group consisting of screwdrivers and allen wrenches.
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