초록 ▼

A procedure for purging a fuel cell system at start-up or shutdown comprises directing the organic fuel, along with air, into a burner to produce a gas that is essentially inert to the fuel cell, such as a gas of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. That inert gas is passed through either or bo

A procedure for purging a fuel cell system at start-up or shutdown comprises directing the organic fuel, along with air, into a burner to produce a gas that is essentially inert to the fuel cell, such as a gas of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. That inert gas is passed through either or both the fuel cell and fuel processing system components, such as a reformer and shift converter, to purge those components of undesirable gases. In the case of shutdown, after the cell has been disconnected from the primary load, the inert gas produced in the burner is passed either in series or in parallel through the fuel cell and fuel processing system.

대표청구항 ▼

A procedure for purging a fuel cell system at start-up or shutdown comprises directing the organic fuel, along with air, into a burner to produce a gas that is essentially inert to the fuel cell, such as a gas of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. That inert gas is passed through either or bo

A procedure for purging a fuel cell system at start-up or shutdown comprises directing the organic fuel, along with air, into a burner to produce a gas that is essentially inert to the fuel cell, such as a gas of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. That inert gas is passed through either or both the fuel cell and fuel processing system components, such as a reformer and shift converter, to purge those components of undesirable gases. In the case of shutdown, after the cell has been disconnected from the primary load, the inert gas produced in the burner is passed either in series or in parallel through the fuel cell and fuel processing system. 2. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said magnetic bonding layer is made of a material different from those of the ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer. 3. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said non-magnetic coupling layer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of Ru, Rh, Ir, Cr, Cu, Ru alloys, Rh alloys, Ir alloys, Cr alloys and Cu alloys. 4. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein magnetization directions of the ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer are mutually antiparallel. 5. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 4, wherein said non-magnetic coupling layer has a thickness in a range of approximately 0.4 to 1.0 nm when made of a material selected from a group consisting of Ru, Rh, Ir, Cr, Ru alloys, Rh alloys, Ir alloys and Cr alloys, and has a thickness in a range of approximately 1.5 to 2.1 nm when made of a material selected from a group consisting of Cu and Cu alloys. 6. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein magnetization directions of the ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer are mutually parallel. 7. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 6, wherein said non-magnetic coupling layer has a thickness in a range of approximately either 0.2 to 0.4 nm or 1.0 to 1.7 nm when made of a material selected from a group consisting of Ru, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ru alloys, Rh alloys, Ir alloys and Cu alloys, and has a thickness in a range of approximately either 1.0 to 1.4 nm or 2.6 to 3.0 nm when made of a material selected from a group consisting of Cr and Cr alloys. 8. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ferromagnetic layer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Ni alloys, Fe alloys, and Co alloys. 9. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 8, wherein said ferromagnetic layer has a thickness in a range of approximately 2 to 10 nm. 10. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said upper and lower magnetic bonding layers are made of a Co alloy selected from a group consisting of CoCrTa, CoCrPt and CoCrPt--M, where M=B, Mo, Nb, Ta, W, Cu or alloys thereof. 11. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said magnetic bonding layer has a thickness in a range of approximately 1 to 5 nm. 12. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said magnetic layer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Ni alloys, Fe alloys, and Co alloys. 13. A magnetic recording medium comprising: at least one exchange layer structure and a magnetic layer provided on the exchange layer structure, said exchange layer structure including a ferromagnetic layer and a non-magnetic coupling layer provided on the ferromagnetic layer; a lower magnetic bonding layer provided between the ferromagnetic layer and the non-magnetic coupling layer; and an upper magnetic bonding layer provided between the non-magnetic coupling layer and the magnetic layer, said upper and lower magnetic bonding layers having magnetization directions respectively parallel to the ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer, an exchange coupling between the upper and lower magnetic bonding layers being larger than an exchange coupling between the magnetic layer and the ferromagnetic layer, wherein said at least one exchange layer structure includes at least a first exchange layer structure and a second exchange layer structure provided between the first exchange layer structure and the magnetic layer, said second exchange layer structure having a ferromagnetic layer with a magnetic anisotropy smaller than that of a ferromagnetic layer of the first exchange layer structure, said first and second exchange layer structure having ferromagnetic layers with magnetization directions which are mutually antiparallel. 14. A magnetic storage apparatus comprising: at least one magnetic recording medium i