IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0870506
(2001-06-01)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Hockaday, Robert G.
- Turner, Patrick S.
- Bradford, Zachary R.
- DeJohn, Marc D.
- Navas, Carlos J.
- Uhrich, F. Wade
- Vaz, Heathcliff L.
- Vazul, L. Luke
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대리인 / 주소 |
Wray, James CreightonNarasimhan, Meera P.
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
51 인용 특허 :
2 |
초록
▼
A system of two fuel ampoules that can deliver a reactant by diffusion through one of the ampoule walls to the other, such that when said reactant enters the second ampoule, it reacts with another reactant in said second ampoule, making hydrogen gas as a product. Both ampoules are stored in a fuel i
A system of two fuel ampoules that can deliver a reactant by diffusion through one of the ampoule walls to the other, such that when said reactant enters the second ampoule, it reacts with another reactant in said second ampoule, making hydrogen gas as a product. Both ampoules are stored in a fuel impermeable container. These ampoules used with small low power fuel cells which need a steady controlled uniform delivery of vaporous fuel such hydrogen and alcohols. This fueling system provides a simple safe fuel interactive system for small hydrogen fuel cells that prevents inadvertent hydrogen production by any single ampoule being exposed to water or typical consumer environments.
대표청구항
▼
A system of two fuel ampoules that can deliver a reactant by diffusion through one of the ampoule walls to the other, such that when said reactant enters the second ampoule, it reacts with another reactant in said second ampoule, making hydrogen gas as a product. Both ampoules are stored in a fuel i
A system of two fuel ampoules that can deliver a reactant by diffusion through one of the ampoule walls to the other, such that when said reactant enters the second ampoule, it reacts with another reactant in said second ampoule, making hydrogen gas as a product. Both ampoules are stored in a fuel impermeable container. These ampoules used with small low power fuel cells which need a steady controlled uniform delivery of vaporous fuel such hydrogen and alcohols. This fueling system provides a simple safe fuel interactive system for small hydrogen fuel cells that prevents inadvertent hydrogen production by any single ampoule being exposed to water or typical consumer environments. ing layer has a thickness in a range of approximately 0.4 to 1.0 nm when made of a material selected from a group consisting of Ru, Rh, Ir, Cr, Ru alloys, Rh alloys, Ir alloys and Cr alloys, and has a thickness in a range of approximately 1.5 to 2.1 nm when made of a material selected from a group consisting of Cu and Cu alloys. 6. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein magnetization directions of the ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer are mutually parallel. 7. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 6, wherein said non-magnetic coupling layer has a thickness in a range of approximately either 0.2 to 0.4 nm or 1.0 to 1.7 nm when made of a material selected from a group consisting of Ru, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ru alloys, Rh alloys, Ir alloys and Cu alloys, and has a thickness in a range of approximately either 1.0 to 1.4 nm or 2.6 to 3.0 nm when made of a material selected from a group consisting of Cr and Cr alloys. 8. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ferromagnetic layer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Ni alloys, Fe alloys, and Co alloys. 9. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 8, wherein said ferromagnetic layer has a thickness in a range of approximately 2 to 10 nm. 10. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said upper and lower magnetic bonding layers are made of a Co alloy selected from a group consisting of CoCrTa, CoCrPt and CoCrPt--M, where M=B, Mo, Nb, Ta, W, Cu or alloys thereof. 11. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said magnetic bonding layer has a thickness in a range of approximately 1 to 5 nm. 12. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said magnetic layer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Ni alloys, Fe alloys, and Co alloys. 13. A magnetic recording medium comprising: at least one exchange layer structure and a magnetic layer provided on the exchange layer structure, said exchange layer structure including a ferromagnetic layer and a non-magnetic coupling layer provided on the ferromagnetic layer; a lower magnetic bonding layer provided between the ferromagnetic layer and the non-magnetic coupling layer; and an upper magnetic bonding layer provided between the non-magnetic coupling layer and the magnetic layer, said upper and lower magnetic bonding layers having magnetization directions respectively parallel to the ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer, an exchange coupling between the upper and lower magnetic bonding layers being larger than an exchange coupling between the magnetic layer and the ferromagnetic layer, wherein said at least one exchange layer structure includes at least a first exchange layer structure and a second exchange layer structure provided between the first exchange layer structure and the magnetic layer, said second exchange layer structure having a ferromagnetic layer with a magnetic anisotropy smaller than that of a ferromagnetic layer of the first exchange layer structure, said first and second exchange layer structure having ferromagnetic layers with magnetization directions which are mutually antiparallel. 14. A magnetic storage apparatus comprising: at least one magnetic recording medium including at least one exchange layer structure and a magnetic layer provided on the exchange layer structure, said exchange layer structure including a ferromagnetic layer and a non-magnetic coupling layer provided on the ferromagnetic layer, a lower magnetic bonding layer provided between the ferromagnetic layer and the non-magnetic coupling layer, and an upper magnetic bonding layer provided between the non-magnetic coupling layer and the magnetic layer, wherein said upper and lower magnetic bonding layers are made of a material selected from a group consisting of Fe, Fe alloys, Ni alloys, and Co alloys, said upper and lower magnetic bonding layers have magne tization directions respectively parallel to the ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer, and a Co or Fe concentration of the upper magnetic bonding layer is higher than that of the magnetic layer, and a Co or Fe concentration of the lower magnetic bonding layer is higher than that of the ferromagnetic layer, so that an exchange coupling between the upper and lower magnetic bonding layers is larger than an exchange coupling between the magnetic layer and the ferromagnetic layer. 15. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 8, wherein said ferromagnetic layer is made from a Co alloy selected from the group consisting of CoCrTa, CoCrPt and CoCrPt--M, where M=B, Mo, Nb, Ta, W, Cu or an alloy thereof. 16. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 12, wherein said magnetic layer is made from a Co alloy selected from the group consisting of CoCrTa, CoCrPt and CoCrPt--M, where M=B, Mo, Nb, Ta, W, Cu or an alloy thereof. 17. A magnetic recording medium comprising: at least one exchange layer structure and a magnetic layer provided on the exchange layer structure, said exchange layer structure including a ferromagnetic layer and a non-magnetic coupling layer provided on the ferromagnetic layer; and a magnetic bonding layer provided between the ferromagnetic layer and the non-magnetic coupling layer, wherein said magnetic bonding layer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of Fe, Fe alloys, Ni alloys and Co alloys, said magnetic bonding layer has a Co or Fe concentration higher than that of the ferromagnetic layer. 18. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 17, wherein said magnetic bonding layer is made of a material different from those of the ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer. 19. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 17, wherein magnetization directions of the ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer are mutually antiparallel. 20. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 17, wherein said magnetic bonding layer is made of a Co alloy selected from a group consisting of CoCrTa, CoCrPt and CoCrPt--M, where M=B, Mo, Nb, Ta, W, Cu or alloys thereof. 21. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 17, wherein said magnetic bonding layer has a thickness in a range of approximately 1 nm to 5 nm. 22. A magnetic recording medium comprising: at least one exchange layer structure and a magnetic layer provided on the exchange layer structure, said exchange layer structure including a ferromagnetic layer and a non-magnetic coupling layer provided on the ferromagnetic layer; and a magnetic bonding layer provided between the magnetic layer and the non-magnetic coupling layer, wherein said magnetic bonding layer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of Fe, Fe alloys, Ni alloys and Co alloys, said magnetic bonding layer has a Co or Fe concentration higher than that of the magnetic layer. 23. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 22, wherein said magnetic bonding layer is made of a material different from those of the ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer. 24. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 22, wherein magnetization directions of the ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer are mutually antiparallel. 25. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 22, wherein said magnetic bonding layer is made of a Co alloy selected from a group consisting of CoCrTa, CoCrPt and CoCrPt--M, where M=B, Mo, Nb, Ta, W, Cu or alloys thereof. 26. The magnetic recording medium as claimed in claim 22, wherein said magnetic bonding layer has a thickness in a range of approximately 1 nm to 5 nm.
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