초록

Improved fire retardants that include guanylurea phosphate [(H2N--C(NH)--NH--C(O)--NH2).H3PO4] (GUP) and boric acid, materials such as wood and composite wood products that include these fire retardants, and methods of making and using same.

대표청구항 ▼

Improved fire retardants that include guanylurea phosphate [(H2N--C(NH)--NH--C(O)--NH2).H3PO4] (GUP) and boric acid, materials such as wood and composite wood products that include these fire retardants, and methods of making and using same. 1. A method of ligating a lumen, the method comprising the

Improved fire retardants that include guanylurea phosphate [(H2N--C(NH)--NH--C(O)--NH2).H3PO4] (GUP) and boric acid, materials such as wood and composite wood products that include these fire retardants, and methods of making and using same. 1. A method of ligating a lumen, the method comprising the steps of: (a) loading a spring clip in a magazine, the magazine having first and second partially closed channels, and the spring clips having first and second enlarged portions received in the first and second partially closed channels so that the spring clip is held in an open position; (b) advancing the spring clips in the magazine with the spring clips in the open position; (c) preventing rotation of the spring clips by containing the first and second enlarged portions in the first and second partially closed channels of the magazine; (d) pre-clamping the lumen; (e) placing the spring clip over the lumen; and (f) clamping the lumen with the spring clip. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) comprises pre-clamping the lumen by movement of clamping surfaces in planes substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the lumen. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein: step (d) includes pre-clamping the lumen between a pair of jaws, each jaw being bifurcated to include first and second spaced jaw sides; step (e) includes moving the spring clip from the magazine into the jaws; and step (f) includes releasing the spring clip from the jaws. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of pre-clamping the lumen includes pre-clamping the lumen at first and second spaced clamping points along the length of the lumen. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of clamping the lumen includes clamping the lumen at a third point located between the first and second points. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of loading includes loading a clip having a distal end and an opposite proximal end, the distal end having a height that is less than a height of the proximal end when the clip is in a closed position, the distal end of the clip being loaded first into the magazine. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of loading includes loading a clip having a distal end and an opposite proximal end, the distal end having a transverse width that is greater than a transverse width of the proximal end of the clip, the distal end of the clip being loaded first into the magazine. 8. A method of ligating a stub end of a lumen, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a spring clip having a length and having two transversely extending clamping surfaces extending transverse to the length of the clip; (b) orienting the clip with its length at an angle of less than 450 to a length of the stub end; (c) extending the clip in a lengthwise direction to a position where the stub end of the lumen is located between the two transversely extending clamping surfaces; and (d) releasing the clip and clamping the stub end of the lumen between the two transversely extending clamping surfaces. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of pre-clamping the stub end of the lumen between the blunt nose ends of a pair of articulated jaws prior to step (c). 10. A method of ligating a vessel, the method comprising the steps of: (a) loading a resilient clip in a magazine with the clip in an open position, the clip having a support member and a clamping arm, the magazine having first and second partially closed channels adapted to hold the support member and clamping arm, respectively; (b) advancing the clip through the magazine while the clip is held in the open position; (c) placing the clip over the vessel to be ligated; and (d) releasing the clip so that it moves toward a closed position thereby ligating the vessel. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of loading the clip includes providing a frictional resistance to movement of the clips relative to the magazine. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the magazine has a plurality of resilient clips and the step of advancing the clip includes separately engaging each of a majority of the plurality of clips in the magazine, and separately simultaneously advancing each of the separately engaged cl