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Systems, devices, and methods localize and/or treat arrhythmias of a heart of a patient using signals sensed at an accessible body surface. Based on a database of known heart signals and associated ectopic origin sites or exit sites for treatment guidance, continuous localization identifies candidat

Systems, devices, and methods localize and/or treat arrhythmias of a heart of a patient using signals sensed at an accessible body surface. Based on a database of known heart signals and associated ectopic origin sites or exit sites for treatment guidance, continuous localization identifies candidate ectopic or exit sites throughout a continuous region of tissue. An integral from a selected time interval of a reference heart cycle can be compared statistically with known body surface maps. Statistical interpolation can identify a candidate ectopic or exit site which is different than the known ectopic or exit sites. Relative localization provides accurate site identification from one or more known pacing sites (and the associated heart signals) taken from the patient.

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Systems, devices, and methods localize and/or treat arrhythmias of a heart of a patient using signals sensed at an accessible body surface. Based on a database of known heart signals and associated ectopic origin sites or exit sites for treatment guidance, continuous localization identifies candidat

Systems, devices, and methods localize and/or treat arrhythmias of a heart of a patient using signals sensed at an accessible body surface. Based on a database of known heart signals and associated ectopic origin sites or exit sites for treatment guidance, continuous localization identifies candidate ectopic or exit sites throughout a continuous region of tissue. An integral from a selected time interval of a reference heart cycle can be compared statistically with known body surface maps. Statistical interpolation can identify a candidate ectopic or exit site which is different than the known ectopic or exit sites. Relative localization provides accurate site identification from one or more known pacing sites (and the associated heart signals) taken from the patient. oupled to the digital signal processor, the power isolation means for electrically isolating the input power output from the first and second power outputs. or to generate the replica PRN code; D) a plurality of delay modules in sequence with the replica code generator for delaying the generated replica code for at least first, second and third different delay times equal in delay distance from each other, where each delay distance is less than one chip and for delaying the replica code for a fourth delay time equal to 1 chip from the second delay time and further delaying the replica code for a fifth delay time equal to more than one chip from the second delay time; E) a plurality of correlators each for receiving a replica code from the output of a different delay module and for receiving the PRN code from the received signal, each correlator generating a correlation value; F) a code phase detector receiving the outputs of the plurality of correlators for generating an adjustment signal; G) means, receiving the adjustment signal from the code phase detector, for filtering the adjustment signal and presenting the filtered adjustment signal to the NCO; wherein the adjustment signal generated by the code phase detector causes an adjustment in the start time of the replica code generator until the first and third delay time correlation values are substantially equal to each other and are greater than a predetermined value and further wherein the code phase detector has means for determining if the correlation values for the fourth and fifth delay times are substantially equal to each other and if the fourth and fifth correlation values are not substantially equal to each other, causing the adjustment signal to adjust the replica code generator so as to cause the fourth and fifth correlation values to be substantially equal to each other, whereby the second delay time after said adjustments is considered to be the start of the received PRN code. 7. A system for reducing the effects of multipath signal components as defined in claim 6, wherein the first delay time correlation value is called the late (L) correlation value, where the second delay time correlation value is called the prompt (P) correlation value, where the third delay time correlation value is called the early (E) correlation value, where the fourth delay time correlation value is called the E2 correlation value, and where the fifth delay time correlation value is called the E1 correlation value, and wherein the adjustment signal generated by the code phase detector includes means for generating an adjustment signal for adjusting the start time of the replica code generator until E-L-C1 is equal to a predetermined value, where C1 is a constant, and further wherein the code phase detector determines if the correlation values of the fourth and fifth delay times are substantially equal to each other and for causing the generation of an adjustment signal to cause the fourth and fifth correlation values to be substantially equal to each other is performed by said code phase detector having means for determining if E2-E1>C2, where C2 is a constant, and if E2-E1>C2, then further generating an adjustment signal to adjust the replica code generator until E2-E1-C2 is equal to a predetermined value. 8. A system for reducing the effects of multipath signal components as defined in claim 7, wherein the value of constant C1 is in the range from 0.15 to 0.3. 9. A system for reducing the effects of multipath signal components as defined in claim 8, wherein the value of constant C2 is in the range from 0 to 0.1. 10. A system of reducing the effects of multipath signal components as defined in claim 9, wherein the E1 delay time is a delay of approximately -1.5 chips from the second delay time. 11. A device for reducing the effects of multipath signal components associated with a received direct path signal forming an overall received signal, wherein each component and direct path signal is modulated by a repetitive pseudo-random noise (PRN) code having M chips of code length, where M is a positive integer, comprising: A) a repl