IPC분류정보
| 국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
| 국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
| 출원번호 |
US-0274811
(2002-10-21)
|
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Yaluris, George
- Rudesill, John Allen
|
| 출원인 / 주소 |
|
| 대리인 / 주소 |
Cross, Charles A.Artale, Beverly J.Maggio, Robert A.
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| 인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
10 인용 특허 :
24 |
초록
▼
Compositions for reduction of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOxgenerated during a partial or incomplete combustion catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeoli
Compositions for reduction of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOxgenerated during a partial or incomplete combustion catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, and (iv) a noble metal component, preferably rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced emissions of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOxin an effluent off gas of a partial or incomplete combustion FCC regenerator provide for an overall NOxreduction as the effluent gas stream is passed from the FCC regenerator to a CO boiler, whereby as CO is oxidized to CO2a lesser amount of the reduced nitrogen species is oxidized to NOx.
대표청구항
▼
Compositions for reduction of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOxgenerated during a partial or incomplete combustion catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeoli
Compositions for reduction of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOxgenerated during a partial or incomplete combustion catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, and (iv) a noble metal component, preferably rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced emissions of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOxin an effluent off gas of a partial or incomplete combustion FCC regenerator provide for an overall NOxreduction as the effluent gas stream is passed from the FCC regenerator to a CO boiler, whereby as CO is oxidized to CO2a lesser amount of the reduced nitrogen species is oxidized to NOx. ue chemical solution containing salts of Zn and Cu, their complexing agents, a pH adjuster, and surfactants; and annealing the interim electroplated Cu--Zn alloy thin film (30); filling the via (6) with further Cu (26); annealing and planarizing the interconnect structure (35); and a semiconductor device thereby formed. The reduction of electromigration in copper interconnect lines (35) is achieved by decreasing the drift velocity in the copper line (35)/via (6), thereby decreasing the copper migration rate as well as the void formation rate, by using an interim conformal Cu-rich Cu--Zn alloy thin film (30) electroplated on a Cu surface (20) from a stable chemical solution, and by controlling the Zn-doping thereof, which improves also interconnect reliability and corrosion resistance.
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