초록 ▼

Accordingly, a tank, preferably on a wheeled vehicle such as a railcar or trailer, is provided with a protective liner. Two electrodes are preferably permanently mounted within the tank and respectively connected to a monitor. Another two ground connections are made from the monitor to the tank. At

Accordingly, a tank, preferably on a wheeled vehicle such as a railcar or trailer, is provided with a protective liner. Two electrodes are preferably permanently mounted within the tank and respectively connected to a monitor. Another two ground connections are made from the monitor to the tank. At least one of the two probes in the tank are utilized with the monitor to measure the voltage between the tank and the selected probe. When the tank is filled with an ionic solution, a breach of integrity of the liner results in a voltage corresponding to the difference in potentials of the metals forming the probe and tank is read by the monitor. This triggers an alarm. Furthermore, the monitor provides a voltage or current from probe to probe, probe to shell, and shell to shell on a periodic basis to measure and then record the performance of the liner. The equivalent resistance of the liner will be recorded in a memory of the monitor which may be downloaded to a computer for monitoring the performance of the liner. Any breaches of the liner whether obtained from the galvanic cell measurement or resistance measurement are provided to an alarm.

대표청구항 ▼

Accordingly, a tank, preferably on a wheeled vehicle such as a railcar or trailer, is provided with a protective liner. Two electrodes are preferably permanently mounted within the tank and respectively connected to a monitor. Another two ground connections are made from the monitor to the tank. At

Accordingly, a tank, preferably on a wheeled vehicle such as a railcar or trailer, is provided with a protective liner. Two electrodes are preferably permanently mounted within the tank and respectively connected to a monitor. Another two ground connections are made from the monitor to the tank. At least one of the two probes in the tank are utilized with the monitor to measure the voltage between the tank and the selected probe. When the tank is filled with an ionic solution, a breach of integrity of the liner results in a voltage corresponding to the difference in potentials of the metals forming the probe and tank is read by the monitor. This triggers an alarm. Furthermore, the monitor provides a voltage or current from probe to probe, probe to shell, and shell to shell on a periodic basis to measure and then record the performance of the liner. The equivalent resistance of the liner will be recorded in a memory of the monitor which may be downloaded to a computer for monitoring the performance of the liner. Any breaches of the liner whether obtained from the galvanic cell measurement or resistance measurement are provided to an alarm. re size distribution of said film. 6. A method for determining the presence of pore-killers in a film formed on a substrate, said substrate being within a pressurizable chamber at a chamber temperature filled with a gaseous substance said method comprising the steps of: performing at least one ellipsometric measurement at a pressure being less than equilibrium vapor pressure of said gaseous substance at the chamber pressure to determine data relating to the refractive index and thickness of said film; and determining whether pore-killers are present in said film based on said data. 7. A method as claimed in claim 6, further comprising the step of: accepting or rejecting the film based on said presence of said pore-killers, wherein the step of accepting or rejecting performs quality testing of the film. 8. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said film is produced based on parameters for a film production process, and further comprising the step of changing the parameters of said film production process based on said presence of said pore-killers. wherein said step of changing the parameters performs on-line process control on the film production process. 9. A program storage device readable by a machine and encoding a program of instructions for executing a method comprising the steps of: loading data, said data obtained by performing at least one ellipsometric measurement on a film, formed on a substrate, said substrate being located in a pressurizable chamber filled with a gaseous substance at a pressure being less than an equilibrium vapor pressure of said gaseous substance, said data relating to the film thickness and refractive index; determining whether pore-killers are present in said film based on said data; and displaying a result of said determining step. 10. A method for determining the amount of pores of at least two different sizes of a film formed on a substrate using a gaseous substance, said substrate being within a pressurizable chamber at a chamber temperature, said method comprising the steps of: setting said chamber to a modified pressure, the modified pressure being less than equilibrium vapor pressure of said gaseous substance at the chamber temperature; admitting a gaseous substance in said chamber; performing at least one ellipsometric measurement to determine optical characteristics at said modified pressure and at said chamber temperature; and calculating said amount of pores of at least two different sizes of said film.