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Devices and a method are provided to assist a surgeon in ablating conduction paths in tissue, such as a heart. A device can be configured to operate as a template that adheres to the tissue surface, and allows the surgeon to more easily sever the conduction path to form a lesion in a desired locatio

Devices and a method are provided to assist a surgeon in ablating conduction paths in tissue, such as a heart. A device can be configured to operate as a template that adheres to the tissue surface, and allows the surgeon to more easily sever the conduction path to form a lesion in a desired location. In particular, the template can be used to guide the surgeon's use of a surgical instrument along a desired ablation path. In some case, the template may incorporate hardware that structurally supports the instrument for travel along the ablation path. A surgical instrument such as an ablation probe, e.g., radio frequency, laser, ultrasonic, microwave, thermal, chemical, mechanical, or cryogenic ablation probe, may be used to sever the conduction paths. Measurements made substantially contemporaneously with the conduction path ablation operation may be used to evaluate whether the desired degree of ablation has been achieved. The device may also incorporate feedback to compare the desired degree of conduction path ablation with the measured degree, and may deactivate the surgical instrument when the desired degree has been achieved. In some cases, the template device can be configured to provide local stabilization of organ tissue, particularly for a moving organ such as a beating heart. In other cases, the template device may provide little or no stabilization, but provide a guide structure for placement of the ablation probe in the same frame of motion as the moving tissue. Also, for some applications, the template device may be arranged to facilitate application of other therapeutic devices, such as diagnostic probes, pacing leads, and drug delivery devices, to the surface of a moving organ.

대표청구항 ▼

Devices and a method are provided to assist a surgeon in ablating conduction paths in tissue, such as a heart. A device can be configured to operate as a template that adheres to the tissue surface, and allows the surgeon to more easily sever the conduction path to form a lesion in a desired locatio

Devices and a method are provided to assist a surgeon in ablating conduction paths in tissue, such as a heart. A device can be configured to operate as a template that adheres to the tissue surface, and allows the surgeon to more easily sever the conduction path to form a lesion in a desired location. In particular, the template can be used to guide the surgeon's use of a surgical instrument along a desired ablation path. In some case, the template may incorporate hardware that structurally supports the instrument for travel along the ablation path. A surgical instrument such as an ablation probe, e.g., radio frequency, laser, ultrasonic, microwave, thermal, chemical, mechanical, or cryogenic ablation probe, may be used to sever the conduction paths. Measurements made substantially contemporaneously with the conduction path ablation operation may be used to evaluate whether the desired degree of ablation has been achieved. The device may also incorporate feedback to compare the desired degree of conduction path ablation with the measured degree, and may deactivate the surgical instrument when the desired degree has been achieved. In some cases, the template device can be configured to provide local stabilization of organ tissue, particularly for a moving organ such as a beating heart. In other cases, the template device may provide little or no stabilization, but provide a guide structure for placement of the ablation probe in the same frame of motion as the moving tissue. Also, for some applications, the template device may be arranged to facilitate application of other therapeutic devices, such as diagnostic probes, pacing leads, and drug delivery devices, to the surface of a moving organ. t for activating the sheet-like display layer, the layers being integrally formed. The sphere-like resin body has first and second portions made of resins, the absolute value of a difference between both the solubility parameters δ1 and δ2 of the resins being |δ1-δ2|≥0.2. The phoretic particle-containing microcapsule has a resin shell in which phoretic particles are contained in a core. The diameter of the core is in a range from 10 μm to 200 μm and the circumferential length L of the microcapsule is in a range of (4.1×T)≤L≤(20.1×T) where T is a Martin diameter of the microcapsule. based on a filter coefficient, a temporary determining/subtracting circuit for while a sample after the waveform equalization outputted from the transversal filter is inputted therein, computing a temporary determining value for partial response equalization by comparing the sample with at least one threshold and outputting a differential between the temporary determining value and the sample after the waveform equalization as an error signal, and a coefficient control circuit for variably controlling a tap coefficient of the transversal filter so that the error signal becomes minimum; and a viterbi decoding means for viterbi-decoding a sample outputted from the adaptive equalizing means. 2. An optical disc reproducing apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the coefficient control circuit includes an error selecting circuit for while the error signal and the temporary determining value outputted from the temporary determining means are inputted therein, selecting and outputting only valid component of the error signal depending on the temporary determining value, and a multiplier/low-pass-filter for variably controlling the tap coefficient of the transversal filter based on a signal outputted from the error selecting means such that the error signal becomes minimum. 3. An optical disc reproducing apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising an estimation value generating means for generating an estimation value by averaging output sample of the transversal filter for each of the at least one threshold based on the temporary determining value and the error signal outputted from the temporary determining/subtracting circuit. 4. An optical disc reproducing apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the viterbi decoding means includes an input means for an estimation value for use in metric operation, the estimation value being capable of being controlled through the input means. 5. An optical disc reproducing apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the estimation value for the viterbi decoding means is provided by the estimation value generating means. 6. An optical disc reproducing apparatus for reproducing digital information from an optical disc medium in which the information is modulated and recorded in a recording track formed coaxially or spirally according to a signal modulation method for restricting run length such that a recording mark is 0.32 μm or more to less than 0.38 μm in track pitch and 0.12 μm or more to less than 0.22 μm in mark length, comprising: laser beam source for emitting laser beam having wavelength of 390 to 440 nm; a first reflection light detecting means for detecting a reflection light produced when the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source is reflected by the optical disc medium to read a signal from the optical disc medium, so as to reproduce the information recorded in the optical disc medium; a second reflection light detecting means for reading information separately from each of at least one pair of recording tracks on both sides of the recording track; a digital phase synchronizing means for while a signal outputted from the first reflection light detecting means is supplied thereto, digitally synchronizing phase so as to detect a phase at a data point and estimate digital data at the data point and outputting the digital data; a resampling means for while a signal outputted from the second reflection light detecting means is supplied thereto, resampling a signal from at least one recording track of the at least one pair of the recording tracks at the data point in the digital phase synchronizing means; an adaptive equalizing means including a first transversal filter for equalizing in terms of waveform, the digital data outputted from the digital phase synchronizing means based on a first filter coefficient, a temporary determining/subtracting circuit for while a sample after the waveform equalization outputted from the first transversal filter is inputted therein, co