[특허]Ultra-thin flexible expanded graphite heating element

EGC Enterprises, Inc.

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Ultra-thin flexible expanded graphite heating element

특허상세정보
국가/구분	United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)	B32B-009/00
미국특허분류(USC)	428/408; 428/174; 428/336; 219/200; 219/552; 156/230; 156/273.9; 156/308.2
출원번호	US-0144493 (2002-05-13)
발명자 / 주소	Rutherford, Robert B. Dudman, Richard L.
출원인 / 주소	EGC Enterprises, Inc.
대리인 / 주소	Jones Day
인용정보	피인용 횟수 : 13 인용 특허 : 10

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An ultra-thin flexible expanded graphite heating high resistance element is produced by a method including the steps of providing a flexible expanded graphite sheet having a surface adhered to a substrate; pulling apart the sheet and the substrate with a force sufficient to separate the adhered flexible expanded graphite sheet into a removed layer and a remainder layer adhered to the substrate; and optionally repeating the foregoing steps until the remainder layer has a thickness of about 0.01 mils to about 2 mils. A resistance heater for high voltage applications is also provided. nzothiazoles, polyoxazoles, polysulfides, polyester amides, polyarylenevinylenes, polylactides, polyether ketones, polyurethanes, polysulfones, ormocers, polyacrylates, silicones, fully aromatic copolyesters, poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polymethacrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, neoprene, Buna N, polybutadiene, polytetrafluoroethene, modified cellulose, unmodified cellulose, alginates, collagen, homopolymers, copolymers or blends thereof. 10. The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the further material comprises a plurality of metals from groups Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb or VIII of the Periodic Table, wherein said metals are present as pure metals or an alloy. 11. The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the further material is obtained by polymerization of one or more monomers. 12. The process as claimed in claim 11, wherein the further material is obtained by homo- or copolymerization of methacrylate, styrene, styrene sulfonate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 4,4'-methylenebiscyclohexyl diisocyanate (HMDI), 4,4'-methylenebis(benzyl diisocyanate) (MDI), 1,4-butanediol, ethylenediamine, ethylene, styrene, butadiene, 1-butene, 2-butene, vinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, fluorinated ethylenes, terephthalate or combinations thereof. 13. The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the degradation of the degradable material is carried out thermally, chemically, biologically, radiation-induced, photochemically, by means of plasma, ultrasound or extraction with a solvent. 14. A separation or storage medium for gases, liquids or particle suspensions comprising the fiber claimed in claim 1. 15. An ion exchanger for dialysis, an artificial lung, a protein store, a controlled release or drug delivery system, or a filter in a medical separation method comprising the fiber claimed in claim 1. 16. A separation method comprising contacting a solution or suspension, said solution or suspension comprising a plurality of metabolites, enzymes or other components of a cytoplasm, with the fiber claimed in claim 1. 17. A sensor constituent, a microreactor, a wire, a cable or a capacitor comprising the fiber claimed in claim 1. 18. A composite material, a filler, a mechanical reinforcement or a heat insulator comprising the fiber claimed in claim 1. 19. A fuel cell, battery or electrochemical reaction comprising the fiber claimed in claim 1. 20. A capillary electrophoresis instrument, a scanning probe microscope, or a catalytic system comprising the fiber claimed in claim 1. 21. A dielectric material comprising the fiber claimed in claim 1. 22. An interlayer dielectric for chip manufacture comprising the fiber as claimed in claim 1. 23. A hollow fiber having an internal diameter of from 10 nm to 1 μm and an outer wall comprising one or more inorganic metal-containing compounds, polymers, metals or combinations thereof, said hollow fiber being prepared by coating, at least once, a degradable template fiber made by electrostatic spinning with one or more polymers, and subsequently degrading the degradable template fiber. 24. The hollow fiber as claimed in claim 23, wherein the outer wall of the hollow fiber comprises poly(p-xylylene), polyacrylamide, polyimides, polyesters, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyethers, polyphenylene, polysilanes, polysiloxanes, polybenzimidazoles, polybenzothiazoles, polyoxazoles, polysulfides, polyester amides, polyarylenevinylenes, polylactides, polyether ketones, polyurethanes, polysulfones, ormocers, polyacrylates, silicones, fully aromatic copolyesters, poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polymethacrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, neoprene, Buna N, polybutadiene, polytetrafluoroethene, modifie d cellulose, unmodified cellulose, alginates, collagen, homopolymers, copolymers or blends thereof. 25. The hollow fiber as claimed in claim 23, wherein the outer wall of the hollow fiber comprises a plurality of metals from groups Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb or VIII of the Periodic Table, wherein said metals are present as pure metals or an alloy. 26. The hollow fiber as claimed in claim 23, wherein the outer wall of the hollow fiber comprises a plurality of layers. 27. A fiber comprising the hollow fiber as claimed in claim 23, filled with a core material. 28. The fiber as claimed in claim 27, wherein the core has a mean separation from the inner wall of the hollow fiber of from 10 to 300 nm. 29. The hollow fiber as claimed in claim 27, wherein the core comprises a plurality of inorganic compounds, ceramic fibers, carbon fibers, polymers, metals or combinations thereof. 30. The hollow fiber as claimed in claim 23, wherein said fiber has a dielectric constant of less than 4. 31. A process for the production of a hollow fiber according to claim 23, which comprises coating, at least once, a fiber of a first degradable template made by electrostatic spinning material with one or more polymers, metals or combinations thereof, and subsequently degrading the first material. 32. A process for the production of a hollow fiber according to claim 23, which comprises coating a fiber of a first non-degradable material successively with a second degradable material made by electrostatic spinning and at least one further material and degrading the second degradable material, wherein said hollow fiber has an internal diameter of from 10 nm to 1 μm, an outer wall of one or more polymers or metals and a core of said first material. 33. The process as claimed in claim 31, wherein the further material comprises polymers, metals or combinations thereof. 34. The process as claimed in claim 31, wherein the further material comprises poly(p-xylylene), polyacrylamide, polyimides, polyesters, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyethers, polyphenylene, polysilanes, polysiloxanes, polybenzimidazoles, polybenzothiazoles, polyoxazoles, polysulfides, polyester amides, polyarylenevinylenes, polylactides, polyether ketones, polyurethanes, polysulfones, ormocers, polyacrylates, silicones, fully aromatic copolyesters, poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polymethacrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, neoprene, Buna N, polybutadiene, polytetrafluoroethene, modified cellulose, unmodified cellulose, alginates, collagen, homopolymers, copolymers or blends thereof. 35. The process as claimed in claim 31, wherein the further material comprises a plurality of metals from groups Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb or VIII of the Periodic Table, wherein said metals are present as pure metals or an alloy. 36. The process as claimed in claim 31, wherein the further material is obtained by polymerization of one or more monomers. 37. The process as claimed in claim 36, wherein the further material is obtained by homo- or copolymerization of methacrylate, styrene, styrene sulfonate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 4,4'-methylenebiscyclohexyl diisocyanate (HMDI), 4,4'-methylenebis(benzyl diisocyanate) (MDI), 1,4-butanediol, ethylenediamine, ethylene, styrene, butadiene, 1-butene, 2-butene, vinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, fluorinated ethylenes, terephthalate or combinations thereof. 38. The process as claimed in claim 31, wherein the degradation of the degradable material is carried out thermally, chemically, biologically, radiation-induced, photochemically, by means of plasma, ultrasound or extraction with a solvent. 39. A separation or storage medium for gases, liquids or particle suspensions comprising the hollow fiber claimed in claim 23. 40. An ion excha

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Ultra-thin flexible expanded graphite heating element

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