IPC분류정보
| 국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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| 국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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| 출원번호 |
US-0135979
(2002-04-29)
|
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Boros, Tibor
- Barratt, Craig H.
- Uhlik, Christopher R.
- Trott, Mitchell D.
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| 출원인 / 주소 |
|
| 대리인 / 주소 |
Blakely, Sokoloff, Taylor & Zafman LLP
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| 인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
79 인용 특허 :
128 |
초록
▼
A partial spatial signature can be determined to be used in calibration. In one embodiment, determining the partial spatial signature includes receiving a first segment of a waveform, the first segment resulting from a radio transmitting a combined signal from a first antenna element, the combined s
A partial spatial signature can be determined to be used in calibration. In one embodiment, determining the partial spatial signature includes receiving a first segment of a waveform, the first segment resulting from a radio transmitting a combined signal from a first antenna element, the combined signal comprising the sum of a first signal and a second signal, and calculating a first spatial signature related measurement using the received first segment, the first signal and the second signal. The process may further include receiving a second segment of the waveform, the second segment resulting from the radio transmitting the first signal from the first antenna element, and the radio simultaneously transmitting the second signal from a second antenna element, and calculating a second spatial signature related measurement using the second received segment, the first signal, and the second signal. Then, determining the partial spatial signature may be done using the first spatial signature related measurement and the second spatial signature related measurement.
대표청구항
▼
A partial spatial signature can be determined to be used in calibration. In one embodiment, determining the partial spatial signature includes receiving a first segment of a waveform, the first segment resulting from a radio transmitting a combined signal from a first antenna element, the combined s
A partial spatial signature can be determined to be used in calibration. In one embodiment, determining the partial spatial signature includes receiving a first segment of a waveform, the first segment resulting from a radio transmitting a combined signal from a first antenna element, the combined signal comprising the sum of a first signal and a second signal, and calculating a first spatial signature related measurement using the received first segment, the first signal and the second signal. The process may further include receiving a second segment of the waveform, the second segment resulting from the radio transmitting the first signal from the first antenna element, and the radio simultaneously transmitting the second signal from a second antenna element, and calculating a second spatial signature related measurement using the second received segment, the first signal, and the second signal. Then, determining the partial spatial signature may be done using the first spatial signature related measurement and the second spatial signature related measurement. iphenyl. 2. A method for absorbing (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein, which comprises: preparing an absorption column adapted to cause a (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein-containing gas to come into countercurrent contact with a solvent for absorbing the (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein; disposing a packing of relatively high efficiency in absorption on the upstream side of the flow of a liquid containing the solvent and a packing and/or trays of relatively low performance of forming polymerization on the downstream side thereof, in the column, for the purpose of effecting the required absorption of the compound with high efficiency while preventing the compound from succumbing to polymerization, the packing of relatively high efficiency in absorption being a gauze structured packing and the packing and/or trays of relatively low performance of forming polymerization being at least one member selected from the group consisting of a sheet structured packing, a grid structured packing, a random packing, and trays; and introducing the (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein-containing gas obtained in consequence of catalytic gas phase oxidation to come into countercurrent contact with the liquid separately introduced, wherein the (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein-containing gas is introduced into the absorption column through the lower part thereof, part of the (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein-containing solution withdrawn through the bottom part of the column is cooled in an external heat exchanger, and the cooling liquid is brought into countercurrent contact with the gas in such a manner that the liquid-gas ratio falls in the range of 2 to 15 L/Nm3, wherein the solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of water, acetic acid, biphenyl ether and biphenyl. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the upstream side and downstream side are separated with the region of the liquid phase in the absorption column having the (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein concentration in the range of 3 to 60% by weight as the boundary. 4. A method according to claim 3, wherein a retention time of the gas in the empty space of column from the upper end of a gas inlet nozzle to the tray of the lowermost level or the member for supporting the packing is in the range of 1-5 seconds and/or a retention time of the gas in the empty space of column from the uppermost part of a packed column to the lower end of a gas outlet nozzle is in the range of 0.5 to 3 seconds. 5. A method according to claim 4, the solvent further incorporates a polymerization inhibitor wherein the polymerization inhibitor is at least one member selected from the group consisting essentially of methoquinone, manganese acetate, nitrosophenol, cupherron, a N-oxy compound, copper dibutythiocarbamate, phenothiazine, and hydroquinone. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein-containing gas is introduced into the absorption column through the lower part thereof, part of the (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein-containing solution withdrawn through the bottom part of the column is cooled in an external heat exchanger, and the cooling liquid is brought into countercurrent contact with the gas in such a manner that the liquid-gas ratio falls in the range of 2 to 15 L/Nm3. 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein a retention time of the gas in the empty space of column from the upper end of a gas inlet nozzle to the tray of the lowermost level or the member for supporting the packing is in the range of 1 to 5 seconds and/or a retention time of the gas in the empty space of column from the uppermost part of a packed column to the lower end of a gas outlet nozzle is in the range of 0.5 to 3 seconds. 8. A method according to claim 1, the solvent further incorporates a polymerization inhibitor wherein the polymerization inhibitor is at least one member sel ected from the group consisting essentially of methoquinone, manganese acetate, nitrosophenol, cupherron, a N-oxyl compound, copper dibutylthiocarbamate, phenothiazine, and hydroquinone. 9. A method according to claim 2, the solvent further incorporates a polymerization inhibitor wherein the polymerization inhibitor is at least one member selected from the group consisting essentially of methoquinone, manganese acetate, nitrosophenol, cupherron, a N-oxyl compound, copper dibutylthiocarbamate, phenothiazine, and hydroquinone. 10. A method according to claim 2, wherein the (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein-containing gas is introduced into the absorption column through the lower part thereof, part of the (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein-containing solution withdrawn through the bottom part of the column is cooled in an external heat exchanger, and the cooling liquid is brought into countercurrent contact with the gas in such a manner that the liquid-gas ratio falls in the range of 2 to 15 L/Nm3. 11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein-containing gas is supplied to the absorption column at a temperature in the range of 100 to 300° C.
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