초록 ▼

A sensor for a selected analyte in a test sample has (a) a semipermeable membrane with pores for retaining the analyte, where the membrane has been chemically modified by attachment of membrane modifiers; (b) immunoassay labels which have label binding ligands where these label binding ligands will

A sensor for a selected analyte in a test sample has (a) a semipermeable membrane with pores for retaining the analyte, where the membrane has been chemically modified by attachment of membrane modifiers; (b) immunoassay labels which have label binding ligands where these label binding ligands will have a binding affinity for the membrane modifiers in the presence of the analyte, and a measurably different binding affinity for the membrane modifiers in the absence of the analyte; and (c) a label detecting system, for detecting the presence of the labels on the membrane.

대표청구항 ▼

A sensor for a selected analyte in a test sample has (a) a semipermeable membrane with pores for retaining the analyte, where the membrane has been chemically modified by attachment of membrane modifiers; (b) immunoassay labels which have label binding ligands where these label binding ligands will

A sensor for a selected analyte in a test sample has (a) a semipermeable membrane with pores for retaining the analyte, where the membrane has been chemically modified by attachment of membrane modifiers; (b) immunoassay labels which have label binding ligands where these label binding ligands will have a binding affinity for the membrane modifiers in the presence of the analyte, and a measurably different binding affinity for the membrane modifiers in the absence of the analyte; and (c) a label detecting system, for detecting the presence of the labels on the membrane. one wetted rotating pad contacting said surface of said substrate. 4. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said liquid is selected from a group consisting of a mixture of NH4OH, H2O2and H2O; a mixture of NH4OH and H2O; a mixture of HCl, H2O2and H2O; a mixture of HCl and H2O; H2O; and a mixture of H2O and an acid, said mixture of H2O and an acid having a pH between 2 and 6. 5. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said substance comprises a vaporised substance which is miscible with said liquid and when mixed with said liquid yields a mixture having a surface tension being lower than that of said liquid. 6. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein said vaporised substance is selected from a group consisting of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), diacetone, ethylglycol, ethyllactate and methylpyrrolidon or a mixture thereof. 7. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said substance comprises a mixture of a vaporised substance and a gas, said mixture being at least partially miscible with said liquid and when mixed with said liquid yields a mixture having a surface tension being lower than that of said liquid. 8. A method as recited in claim 7, wherein said vaporised substance is selected from a group consisting of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), diacetone, ethylglycol and methylpyrrolidon or a mixture thereof and wherein said gas is an inert gas. 9. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said substance comprises a gas which is miscible with said liquid and when mixed with said liquid yields a mixture having a surface tension being lower than that of said liquid. 10. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one rotating pad is cylindrical shaped and has a smooth outer edge. 11. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein a continuous contact area is formed between the at least one rotating pad and said surface. 12. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one rotating pad includes a plurality of wetted rotating pads. 13. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said substance comprises a liquid. 14. A method as recited in claim 13, wherein said substance comprises a mist of liquid. 15. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said substance comprises a gas. 16. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said substance comprises a vaporised substance. 17. A method for the removal of particles and a liquid from a first and a second surface of a substrate using a first and a second rotating pads, the method comprising the steps of: creating a relative linear motion at a predetermined speed between both said first and said second wetted rotating pads and said substrate; contacting said first surface of said substrate at a first edge of said first wetted rotating pad and said second surface of said substrate at said first edge of said second wetted rotating pad, said contacting being established each time that during said relative linear motion said wetted rotating pad arrives at said first edge; applying a substance on said first surface adjacent to said first rotating pad, and between said first wetted rotating pad and said first edge, said substance reducing surface tension of said liquid, said substance being at least partially miscible with said liquid and when mixed with said liquid yielding a mixture having a surface tension being lower than that of said liquid; applying a substance on said second surface adjacent to a second wetted rotating pad, and between said second wetted rotating pad and said first edge, said substance reducing surface tension of said liquid, said substance being at least partially miscible with said liquid and when mixed with said liquid yielding a mixture having a surface tension being lower than that of said liquid; continuing said linear relative motion from said first edge to a second edge, opposite to said first edge, while contacting said first sur