초록 ▼

Track and track/vehicle analyzers for determining geometric parameters of tracks, determining the relation of tracks to vehicles and trains, analyzing the parameters in real-time, and communicating corrective measures to various control mechanisms are provided. In one embodiment, the track analyzer

Track and track/vehicle analyzers for determining geometric parameters of tracks, determining the relation of tracks to vehicles and trains, analyzing the parameters in real-time, and communicating corrective measures to various control mechanisms are provided. In one embodiment, the track analyzer includes a track detector and a computing device. In another embodiment, the track/vehicle analyzer includes a track detector, a vehicle detector, and a computing device. In other embodiments, the track/vehicle detector also includes a communications device for communicating with locomotive control computers in lead units, locomotive control computers in helper units, and a centralized control office. Additionally, a method for determining and communicating an optimized control strategy is provided. A method for dynamically modeling vehicle behavior, determining probabilities for derailment, and communicating recommended actions is also provided. The analyzers improve operational safety and overall efficiency, including fuel efficiency, vehicle wheel wear, and track wear, in railroad systems.

대표청구항 ▼

Track and track/vehicle analyzers for determining geometric parameters of tracks, determining the relation of tracks to vehicles and trains, analyzing the parameters in real-time, and communicating corrective measures to various control mechanisms are provided. In one embodiment, the track analyzer

Track and track/vehicle analyzers for determining geometric parameters of tracks, determining the relation of tracks to vehicles and trains, analyzing the parameters in real-time, and communicating corrective measures to various control mechanisms are provided. In one embodiment, the track analyzer includes a track detector and a computing device. In another embodiment, the track/vehicle analyzer includes a track detector, a vehicle detector, and a computing device. In other embodiments, the track/vehicle detector also includes a communications device for communicating with locomotive control computers in lead units, locomotive control computers in helper units, and a centralized control office. Additionally, a method for determining and communicating an optimized control strategy is provided. A method for dynamically modeling vehicle behavior, determining probabilities for derailment, and communicating recommended actions is also provided. The analyzers improve operational safety and overall efficiency, including fuel efficiency, vehicle wheel wear, and track wear, in railroad systems. witch (1, 101) to form a signal transfer (14,16). The safety switch (1, 101) also can have an ejector that removes the actuator from the actuator receptacle (8, 108). ving a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to 7,000; from about 35 to 50%, of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A having a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to 1,700; and from about 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of the total resin weight, a cationic photoinitiator; wherein the metal is copper. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the phenoxy polyol resin has an epoxide value of about 0.03 equivalents per kg, a weight per epoxide of about 37,000 and a glass transition temperature of about 98° C.; the epoxidized multifunctional bisphenol A formaldehyde novolac resin has an epoxide value of about 4.7 equivalents per kilogram, as weight per epoxide of about 215 and a melting point of about 82° C.; and the diglycidyl ether a bisphenol A has an epoxide value of about 1.5 equivalents per kilogram, a weight per epoxide of about 675 and a melting point of about 97° C. 12. A circuitized structure comprising: a. a circuitized substrate; b. a first layer of metal features disposed on the substrate; c. a cured, photoimaged, permanent plating resist having photoimaged apertures disposed therein 1 said permanent plating resist disposed on the substrate, wherein the permanent plating resist comprises an epoxy resin system comprising: i. from about 10 to 80% of phenoxy polyol resin which is the condensation product of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A, having a molecular weight of from about 40,000 to 130,000; ii. from about 20 to 90% of an epoxidized multifunctional bisphenol A formaldehyde novolac resin having a molecular weight of from about 4,000 to 10,000; iii. from 0 to 50% of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A having a molecular weight of from about 600 to 2,500; and iv. less than 15% of a cationic photoinitiator; and less than about 8% solvent; f. electrolessly plated gold, disposed on portions of the metal features, and said gold disposed in the apertures; g. circuitry disposed on, and adherent to the permanent plating resist, the circuitry on the permanent plating resist being electrically connected to the circuitry disposed on the substrate; and h. electrical components disposed atop the permanent plating resist and in electrical contact with the electrolessly plated gold features. 13. The circuitized structure of claim 12, wherein there is: from 20 to 40% of phenoxy polyol resin having a molecular weight of from about 60,000 to 90,000; from about 25 to 30% of an epoxidized multifunctional bisphenol A formaldehyde novolac resin having a molecular weight of from about 5,000 ,to 7,000; from about 35 to 50%, of a brominated diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A having a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to 1,700. 14. The circuit board of claim 13, wherein: the phenoxy polyol resin has an epoxide value of about 0.03 equivalents per kg, a weight per epoxide of about 37,000 and a glass transition temperature of about 98° C.; the epoxidized multifunctional bisphenol A formaldehyde novolac resin has an epoxide value of about 4.7 equivalents per kilogram, as weight per epoxide of about 215 and a melting point of about 82° C.; the diglycidyl ether a has an epoxide value of about 1.5 equivalents per kilogram, a weight per epoxide of about 675 and a melting point of about 97° C.; and about 5 parts by weight of the resin weight complex triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salt photoinitiator. 15. The circuitized structure of claim 13, wherein the circuitized structure is a printed wiring structure. 16. A circuitized structure comprising: a. a circuitized substrate; b. a cured, photoimaged, permanent plating resist having photoimaged apertures disposed therein said permanent plating resist disposed on the substrate, wherein the permanent plating resist comprises an epoxy resin system comprising: i. from about 10 to 80% of phenoxy polyol resin which is the condensation product of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A, having a molecular weight of from about 40,000 to 130,000; ii. from about 20 to 90% of a n epoxidized multifunctional bisphenol A formaldehyde novolac resin having a molecular weight of from about 4,000 to 10,000; iii. from 0 to 50% of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A having a molecular weight of from about 600 to 2,500; and iv. less than 15% of a cationic photoinitiator; and less than about 8% solvent; c. electrolessly plated copper, disposed on the substrate, and said copper disposed in the apertures of the photoimaged permanent plating resist; and d. circuitry disposed on, and adherent to the permanent plating resist, the circuitry on the permanent plating resist being electrically connected to the electrolessly plated copper. 17. The circuitized structure of claim 16, wherein there is: from 20 to 40% of phenoxy polyol resin having a molecular weight of from about 60,000 to 90,000; from about 25 to 30% of an epoxidized multifunctional bisphenol A formaldehyde novolac resin having a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to 7,000; from about 35 to 50%, of a brominated diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A having a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to 1,700. 18. The circuit board of claim 17, wherein: the phenoxy polyol resin has an epoxide value of about 0.03 equivalents per kg, a weight per epoxide of about 37,000 and a glass transition temperature of about 98° C.; the epoxidized multifunctional bisphenol A formaldehyde novolac resin has an epoxide value of about 4.7 equivalents per kilogram, as weight per epoxide of about 215 and a melting point of about 82° C.; the diglycidyl ether a has an epoxide value of about 1.5 equivalents per kilogram, a weight per epoxide of about 675 and a melting point of about 97° C.; and about 5 parts by weight of the resin weight complex triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salt photoinitiator. 19. The circuitized structure of claim 17, wherein the circuitized structure is a printed wiring structure. 20. A circuitized structure comprising: a. a circuitized substrate, b. a first layer of metal features disposed on the substrate, c. a cured, photoimaged, permanent plating resist having photoimaged apertures disposed therein, said permanent plating resist disposed on the substrate, wherein the permanent plating resist comprises an epoxy resin system comprising: i. from about 10 to 80% of phenoxy polyol resin which is the condensation product of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A, having a molecular weight of from about 40,000 to 130,000, ii. from about 20 to 90% of an epoxidized multifunctional bisphenol A formaldehyde novolac resin having a molecular weight of from about 4,000 to 10,000; iii. from 0 to 50% of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A having a molecular weight of from about 600 to 2,500; and iv. less than 15% of a cationic photoinitiator; and less than about 8% solvent; f. electrolessly plated gold, disposed on portions of the metal features, and said gold disposed in the apertures; g. electrical components disposed atop the permanent plating resist and in electrical contact with the electrolessly plated gold features. bing the 1900 nm wavelength more than the 2200 nm wavelength, and the electronic control causes an indicator to indicate the presence of the water. g arm.