초록 ▼

A thermal roll for efficiently transferring heat to or from a web is provided. The thermal roll includes a rotatable outer shell having a cylindrical outer mantle and a stationary inner shell within the rotatable outer shell. An annular space is defined between an inner surface of the rotatable oute

A thermal roll for efficiently transferring heat to or from a web is provided. The thermal roll includes a rotatable outer shell having a cylindrical outer mantle and a stationary inner shell within the rotatable outer shell. An annular space is defined between an inner surface of the rotatable outer shell and an outer surface of the stationary inner shell. The annular space of a relatively low volume is filled with a heat exchange fluid, such as oil or water, that exchanges heat with a fibrous web through the mantle of the rotatable outer shell. The low volume of the annular space enables high heat transfer rates to the web and quick and efficient changes to the temperature of the heat exchange fluid. The thermal roll is adaptable for use as various types of rolls, such as calender rolls, press rolls, drying cylinders, and Yankee cylinders.

대표청구항 ▼

A thermal roll for efficiently transferring heat to or from a web is provided. The thermal roll includes a rotatable outer shell having a cylindrical outer mantle and a stationary inner shell within the rotatable outer shell. An annular space is defined between an inner surface of the rotatable oute

A thermal roll for efficiently transferring heat to or from a web is provided. The thermal roll includes a rotatable outer shell having a cylindrical outer mantle and a stationary inner shell within the rotatable outer shell. An annular space is defined between an inner surface of the rotatable outer shell and an outer surface of the stationary inner shell. The annular space of a relatively low volume is filled with a heat exchange fluid, such as oil or water, that exchanges heat with a fibrous web through the mantle of the rotatable outer shell. The low volume of the annular space enables high heat transfer rates to the web and quick and efficient changes to the temperature of the heat exchange fluid. The thermal roll is adaptable for use as various types of rolls, such as calender rolls, press rolls, drying cylinders, and Yankee cylinders. f the segments are created by the artist by mixing together tracks, and wherein some of said tracks are created by the artist simultaneously with creating or listening to other tracks or segments. 6. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein each variable composition is defined in a composition data set compatible with a playback program, and wherein said playback program is compatible with a plurality of different variable composition data sets. 7. A method as claimed in claim 6 further including incorporating said playback program in a playback device to playback a plurality of variable compositions. 8. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the insertion time for each grouping, is at a specified time within said initiating segment. 9. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the insertion time for each grouping, is at a specified time within said composition. 10. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein combining includes mixing together said selected segments that overlap in time in the same sound channel. 11. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said selection of a segment from a grouping is random. 12. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least one of said groupings is comprised of a plurality of segments that are created during playback, when needed, from a single segment using real-time special effects processing defined in the composition. 13. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising incorporating optional variable effects editing on each said selected segment before it is placed, wherein said effects editing includes applying a variable amount of echo, reverb, or amplitude effects. 14. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising inter-channel variable effects editing of said selected segments before they are placed. 15. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein placing includes optionally calculating and utilizing a variation, that differs from playback to playback, around said insertion time defined in each spawn-definition. 16. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising adapting the composition playback to characteristics of a playback device. 17. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the method is performed in a pipeline manner. 18. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said selecting of segments is restricted to a fraction of the segments in each grouping based on a listener's variability control that is incorporated into a playback device, whereby the relative amount of variability is listener adjustable. 19. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said selecting of segments is restricted to a fraction of the segments in each grouping based on a definition of variability as a function of days since composition release or number of times played. 20. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising, using a rate smoothing memory to provide a uniform sound sample rate at the output, even though the processing rate of each sample may vary from sample to sample. 21. A variable music or audio composition, comprising: a plurality of groupings of sound segments, each said grouping comprising one or more sound segments wherein some sound segments may be included in more than one grouping; one or more spawn-definitions for each segment for some of said segments, wherein each spawn-definition identifies one of said groupings and a grouping insertion time a pre-defined starting grouping; means for variably selecting at least one segment from the pre-defined starting grouping; means for processing the spawn-definitions for each segment selected from the starting grouping to initiate one or more additional groupings; means for selecting at least one segment from each initiated additional grouping; means for placing each selected segment at the insertion time defined for the grouping it was selected from; and means for combining all placed segments to form a sound sequence in one or more output channels, whereby each time a composition is played back, a different sound sequence is automatically generated, without requiring listener action. 22. A composition as claimed in claim 21 further comprising means for processing the of spawn-definitions for all subsequently selected segments to initiate additional groupings and for selecting at least one segment from each subsequently initiated grouping. 23. A composition as claimed in claim 21 further including a plurality of channels, wherein said means for placing and combining is located in a plurality of channels, whereby each time a composition is played a different sound sequence is automatically generated in a plurality of sound channels. 24. A composition as claimed in claim 21 wherein some of said segments are artist created segments, created simultaneously while creating or listening to other segments. 25. A composition as claimed in claim 21 wherein some of the segments are an artist mix of a plurality of tracks, wherein some of said tracks were created by the artist simultaneously with creating or listening to other tacks or segments. 26. A composition as claimed in claim 21 wherein each variable composition is defined in a composition data set compatible with a playback program, wherein said playback program is compatible with a plurality of different variable composition data sets. 27. A composition as claimed in claim 26 wherein a playback device incorporates said playback program to playback a plurality of variable compositions. 28. A composition as claimed in claim 21 wherein said insertion time for each grouping, is at a specified time within said initiating segment. 29. A composition as claimed in claim 21 wherein said insertion time for each grouping, is at a specified time within said composition. 30. A composition as claimed in claim 21 wherein said means for combining includes means for mixing together said selected segments that overlap in time in the same sound channel. 31. A composition as claimed in claim 21 further comprising means for randomly selecting a segment from a grouping. 32. A composition as claimed in claim 21 wherein at least one of said groupings is comprised of a plurality of segments that are created, when needed, from a single segment using real-time special effects processing, as defined in the composition. 33. A composition as claimed in claim 21 further comprising means for optional variable effects editing on each said selected segment before it is placed, wherein said effects editing includes means for applying a variable amount of echo, reverb, or amplitude effects. 34. A composition as claimed in claim 21 further comprising means for inter-channel variable effects editing of said selected segments before they are used. 35. A composition as claimed in claim 21 further comprising means for optionally calculating and utilizing a variation, that differs from playback to playback, round said insertion time defined in each spawn-definition. 36. A composition as claimed in claim 21 further comprising means for adapting the composition playback to characteristics of a playback device. 37. A composition as claimed in claim 21 further comprising means for performing the playback in a pipeline manner. 38. A composition as claimed in claim 21 further comprising means for adjusting the relative amount of composition playback variability based on a listener's variability control that is incorporated into a playback device. 39. A composition as claimed in claim 21 further comprising means for adjusting the relative amount of composition playback variability based on a definition of variability as a function of days since composition release or number of times played. 40. A composition as claimed in claim 21 further comprising, a rate smoothing memory to provide a uniform sound sample rate at the output, even though the processing rate of each sample may vary from sample to sample. 41. A playback device for a variable music or audio composition, comprising: a. storage means for holding said composition comprising, a plurality of group