초록 ▼

In order to facilitate pathological examination of a lesion in in-vivo tissue, a system and method are provided having a computer system in which both a camera for producing a digital macroscopic picture of the lesion and an imager are coupled to the computer system. The imager is responsive to the

In order to facilitate pathological examination of a lesion in in-vivo tissue, a system and method are provided having a computer system in which both a camera for producing a digital macroscopic picture of the lesion and an imager are coupled to the computer system. The imager is responsive to the computer system and has optics for scanning the lesion to generate images representing microscopic sections of the lesion which provide sufficient information for pathological examination of the lesion. The computer system generates location information, referencing the location in the macroscopic picture of the lesion where the lesion was scanned to the images, and stores data in an electronic file structure which contains at least a representation of the images, a representation of the macroscopic picture, and the location information. The file structure may then be sent to another computer system for viewing the images stored in the file structure to facilitate pathological examination of the lesion by persons trained to interpret such images, adding a diagnostic report about the lesion to the data of the file structure, and sending back the file structure to the computer system that originated it.

대표청구항 ▼

In order to facilitate pathological examination of a lesion in in-vivo tissue, a system and method are provided having a computer system in which both a camera for producing a digital macroscopic picture of the lesion and an imager are coupled to the computer system. The imager is responsive to the

In order to facilitate pathological examination of a lesion in in-vivo tissue, a system and method are provided having a computer system in which both a camera for producing a digital macroscopic picture of the lesion and an imager are coupled to the computer system. The imager is responsive to the computer system and has optics for scanning the lesion to generate images representing microscopic sections of the lesion which provide sufficient information for pathological examination of the lesion. The computer system generates location information, referencing the location in the macroscopic picture of the lesion where the lesion was scanned to the images, and stores data in an electronic file structure which contains at least a representation of the images, a representation of the macroscopic picture, and the location information. The file structure may then be sent to another computer system for viewing the images stored in the file structure to facilitate pathological examination of the lesion by persons trained to interpret such images, adding a diagnostic report about the lesion to the data of the file structure, and sending back the file structure to the computer system that originated it. re detected by said fault detector means exceeds a predetermined threshold; and power is supplied to said motor if said fault detector means does not detect a failure in said microcomputer. 5. A monitoring system as in claim 1, wherein power transmission to said motor is stopped and said microcomputer is stalled, when duration of the failure detected by said fault detector means exceeds a predetermined threshold. 6. A method for monitoring a microcomputer that calculates an angle of an electronically controlled rotator, the method comprising the steps of: (a) a motor driving said rotator; (b) a rotation angle sensor detecting an angle of said rotator; (c) said microcomputer calculating the angle of said rotator based on an excitation signal provided for said rotation angle sensor and an output signal from said rotation angle sensor; (d) said microcomputer generating an electrical control signal that indicates a first angle range to which the angle calculated by said angle calculator means belongs; (e) multiplying the angle detected by said rotation angle sensor by the excitation signal provided for said rotation angle sensor into an intermediate signal; (f) generating an electrical supervisory signal that indicates a second angle range to which the angle detected by said rotation angle sensor belongs based on said intermediate signal obtained at said multiplying step; (g) comparing the first angle range indicated by said control signal with the second angle range indicated by said supervisory signal; and (h) determining that a failure occurs in said microcomputer when it is determined that the first angle range disagrees with the second angle range at said comparing step. 7. A method as in claim 6, wherein said comparing step (g) is performed at constant time intervals. 8. A method as in claim 6, wherein said generating step (f) uses, for generating said supervisory signal, a peak value of said intermediate signal obtained at said multiplying step. 9. A method as in claim 6 further comprising the steps of: rebooting said microcomputer if duration of the failure detected at said determining step (h) exceeds a predetermined threshold; and supplying power to said motor if a failure in said microcomputer is not detected as a result of performing steps (b)-(h). 10. A method as in claim 6 further comprising the steps of: stopping power transmission to said motor, if duration of the failure detected at said determining step (h) exceeds a predetermined threshold; and stalling said microcomputer, if duration of the failure detected at said determining step (h) exceeds the predetermined threshold. 2. The elevating and manipulating system of claim 1, wherein the first permanent magnetic and the second permanent magnet are located at direction angles and orientations with regard to said object. 3. The elevating and manipulating system of claim 1, wherein said object may be elevated and manipulated as in flying. 4. The elevating and manipulating system of claim 1, wherein said object may control its own elevation and manipulation. 5. The elevating and manipulating system of claim 1, wherein the first and second permanent magnets and said object receive and emit varying degrees of magnetic field energy. 6. The elevating and manipulating system of claim 1, wherein said object and the permanent magnets are on, below, above or within the earth's surface. 7. The elevating and manipulating system of claim 1, wherein the system may be comprised of multiple objects and multiple first and second permanent magnets. 8. The elevating and manipulating system of claim 1, wherein said object is a permanent magnet. heteroatom, and optionally substituted with one or more =O, or =S, hydroxy, an aminoalkyl group, an amino acid, or a peptide of 2-8 amino acids, wherein the tubular carbon molecule contains at least one of R0,R1,R2,R3,R4,and R5. 5. The molecule of claim 4 wherein said graphene sheet has a configuration That corresponds to a (n,n) single-wall carbon nanotube. 6. The molecule of claim 4 wherein said molecule has a length from about 5 to about 1000 nm. 7. The molecule of claim 6 wherein said molecule has a length of from about 5 to about 500 nm. 8. The molecule of claim 4 wherein x0,x1,x2,x3,x4,and x5each is a number from 0 to 12. 9. The molecule of claim 4 further comprising at least one endohedral species. 10. The molecule of claim 9 wherein said endohedral species is selected from the group consisting of metal atoms, fullerene molecules, and mixtures thereof. 11. The molecule of claim 10 comprising a (10,10) single-wall nanotube containing at last one endohedral species selected from the group consisting of C60,C70,or mixtures thereof. 12. The molecule of claim 11 wherein said C50or C70additionally contains an endohedral substituent selected from the group consisting of metal atoms and metal compounds. 13. A molecular electronic component comprising at least one single-wall carbon nanotube, wherein said molecular electronic component is a bridge circuit for providing full wave rectification, and wherein said bridge circuit comprises four single-wall carbon nanotubes, each of said four single-wall carbon nanotubes forming one edge of a square and linked to two of four buckyballs, and each of said four buckyballs located at a corner of said square. 14. The molecular electronic component of claim 13, wherein said buckyballs and single-wall carbon nanotubes are derivatized to include functionally specific linking agents. 15. A bistable, nonvolatile memory bit comprising the endohedrally-loaded tubular carbon molecule of claim 9. 16. The memory bit of claim 15 wherein the tubular carbon molecule is formed from a (10,10) type nanotube and the endohedral species is a C50or C70fullerene molecule. 17. A bistable, nonvolatile memory device comprising the memory bit of claim 15, means for writing to said bit and means for reading said bit. 18. The memory device of claim 17 wherein said means for writing comprises a nanocircuit element adapted to direct a voltage pulse of positive or negative polarity at said bit to cause said endohedral species to move from a first end to a second end of said bit. 19. The memory device of claim 17 wherein said means for reading said bit comprises (a) a first nanocircuit element adapted to be biased at a first voltage (VRead) and spaced from a read end of said bit to form a first gap therebetween: and (b) a second nanocircuit element adapted to be biased to around voltage (VG) and spaced from said read end of said bit to form a second gap, whereby the presence of said endohedral species is unambiguously determined by the presence of current tunneling across said first and second gaps. 33520 ird sheet and is stacked with each of the sheets. er, wherein both of the convex portion and concave portion provided on the shield layer are provided at a position being out of a position opposing to the upper core layer. 3. A thin film magnetic head according to claim 1, wherein at least either the concave portion or the convex portion provided on the shield layer has an approximately the same width as a longitudinal width on a sliding face of a recording medium of the magnetoresistive layer. 4. A thin film magnetic head mounted on a helical scan type magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus comprising a lower shield layer made of a magnetic material formed on a substrate, a lower gap layer made of a non-magnetic material formed on the lower shield layer, a magnetoresistive layer formed on the lower shield layer via the lower gap layer, an upper gap layer made of a non-magnetic material formed on the magnetoresistive layer, and an upper shield layer made of a magnetic material formed on the magnetoresistive layer via the upper gap layer, wherein either a convex portion or a concave portion is provided on at least one principal face of the upper shield layer, a height of the convex portion or a depth of the concave portion of at least either the convex portion or the concave portion is greater than a thickness of the magnetoresistive layer, a center of at least either a convex portion or a concave portion coincides with a center of the magnetoresistive layer, and wherein at least the convex portion or the concave portion serves as a marker for specifying a position of the magnetoresistive layer, and the marker is identifiable with an optical microscope. 5. A thin film magnetic head according to claim 3, wherein at least either the concave portion or the convex portion provided on the upper shield layer has approximately the same width as a longitudinal width on a sliding face of a recording medium of the magnetoresistive layer. positioned proximate a permanent magnet layer. 13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the electrical interconnect is positioned proximate a stabilizing antiferromagnetic layer. 14. A disc storage system including a spin valve in accordance with claim 11. 15. A method of making an electrical interconnect to produce an electrical connection between a first point and a second point, comprising: (a) depositing a first specular reflection layer, the first reflection layer having a specularity of more than about 0.5; (b) depositing a second specular reflection layer having a specularity of more than about 0.5; and (c) depositing a conductor between the first and second specular reflection layers having a thickness of less than about 2 times the electron mean free path of the conductor, wherein the conductor is configured to conduct electrons between the first and second points and the first and second specular reflection layers confine the electrons to the conductor through specular reflection to thereby reduce electrical resistance of the electrical interconnect measured between the first and second points in a direction parallel with the first and second planes, wherein the steps (a), (b) and (c) are carried out in any order. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the first and second specular reflection layers comprise oxides. 17. The method of claim 13 wherein the planar conductor is selected from the group of conductors consisting of Cu, Au, Ag, W and Rh. 18. The method of claim 13 wherein the first and second specular reflection layers are selected from the group of specular reflection layers consisting of Y2O3, HfD2, MgO, Al2O3, NiO, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. 19. An electrical interconnect made in accordance with the method of claim 15. 20. A spin valve including the electrical interconnect of claim 19. 21. An electrical interconnect configured to provide an electrical connection between a first point and a second point, comprising: a conductor extending between the first point and the second point, the conductor configured to conduct electrons therebetween; and specular reflection means forming an interface with the electrical conductor for reflecting and confining the electrons in the electrical conductor.