A wind gauge apparatus and method. An illustrative embodiment includes a microphone positioned to engage wind pressure from a first relative direction and a controller coupled to receive an audio signal from the microphone. The controller compares the audio signal with plural threshold values, repre
A wind gauge apparatus and method. An illustrative embodiment includes a microphone positioned to engage wind pressure from a first relative direction and a controller coupled to receive an audio signal from the microphone. The controller compares the audio signal with plural threshold values, representative of wind pressure levels, and determines a first wind pressure level incident upon the microphone. Filtering and gain controls are used to condition the audio signal output from the microphone. Plural microphones are employed to allow that detection of wind direction and magnitude about a compass of directions. Digital signal processing is employed to process data. In an illustrative embodiment, the wind direction and magnitude data are used to recommend a golf club size adjustment and a golf swing direction adjustment to the user, who has taken a measurement of the wind with respect to a reference golf swing direction. In another embodiment, a temperature sensor is added and the controller calculates a wind chill factor.
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A wind gauge apparatus and method. An illustrative embodiment includes a microphone positioned to engage wind pressure from a first relative direction and a controller coupled to receive an audio signal from the microphone. The controller compares the audio signal with plural threshold values, repre
A wind gauge apparatus and method. An illustrative embodiment includes a microphone positioned to engage wind pressure from a first relative direction and a controller coupled to receive an audio signal from the microphone. The controller compares the audio signal with plural threshold values, representative of wind pressure levels, and determines a first wind pressure level incident upon the microphone. Filtering and gain controls are used to condition the audio signal output from the microphone. Plural microphones are employed to allow that detection of wind direction and magnitude about a compass of directions. Digital signal processing is employed to process data. In an illustrative embodiment, the wind direction and magnitude data are used to recommend a golf club size adjustment and a golf swing direction adjustment to the user, who has taken a measurement of the wind with respect to a reference golf swing direction. In another embodiment, a temperature sensor is added and the controller calculates a wind chill factor. lot channel estimate and the data channel estimate. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein said combining comprises: multiplying said pilot channel estimate by a pilot multiplier to produce a scaled pilot channel estimate; multiplying said data channel estimate by a data multiplier to produce a scaled data channel estimate; and adding said scaled pilot channel estimate to said scaled data channel estimate to provide said combined channel estimate. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein a ratio of said pilot multiplier over said data multiplier is based on a ratio of a gain used to transmit the pilot signal over a gain used to transmit said first data-carrying signal. 12. The method of claim 10 further comprising generating the pilot multiplier and the data multiplier. 13. The method of claim 10 further comprising changing a ratio of the pilot multiplier to the data multiplier based on a data rate of the first data-carrying signal. 14. The method of claim 10 further comprising changing a ratio of the pilot multiplier to the data multiplier based on a frame quality metric of the first data-carrying signal. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein said first estimating comprises filtering the information signal to provide the pilot channel estimate. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein said first estimating further comprises multiplying the information signal by a reference pilot code. 17. The method of claim 1 wherein said second estimating comprises: generating a scalar projection of the information signal in accordance with the pilot channel estimate to provide a scalar information signal; decoding the scalar information signal to provide a decoded signal; encoding the decoded signal to provide an ideal representation of the first data-carrying signal; and multiplying the information signal by the ideal representation to provide the data channel estimate. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein said second estimating further comprises: deinterleaving the scalar information signal prior to said decoding; and interleaving the ideal representation prior to said multiplying. 19. An apparatus for demodulating an information signal, wherein the information signal is received through a channel having channel characteristics, and wherein the information signal comprises a pilot signal, a first data-carrying signal, and a second data-carrying signal, the apparatus comprising: a pilot channel estimation apparatus configured to estimate the channel characteristics based on the pilot signal to provide a pilot channel estimate; a data channel estimation apparatus configured to estimate the channel characteristics based on the first data-carrying signal to provide a data channel estimate; and a channel estimate combiner configured to combine said pilot channel estimate with said data channel estimate to generate a combined channel estimate. 20. The apparatus of claim 19 further comprising a first dot product module configured to modify a phase of the information signal based on the combined channel estimate to producing a sub-channel symbol stream. 21. The apparatus of claim 19 further comprising a dot product module for generating a scalar projection of the information signal in accordance with the combined channel estimate. 22. The apparatus of claim 19 further comprising a pseudonoise despreader for multiplying the information signal by a pseudonoise code. 23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the pseudonoise despreader is a complex pseudonoise despreader for multiplying the information signal by a complex pseudonoise code. 24. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said data channel estimation apparatus comprises a dot product module for generating a scalar projection of the information signal in accordance with the pilot channel estimate to provide a scalar information signal. 25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said data channel estimation apparatus further comprises means for generating an ideal representation of the first data-car rying signal based on the scalar information signal. 26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said data channel estimation apparatus further comprises: a deinterleaver configured to deinterleave the scalar information signal to provide a deinterleaved signal; and an interleaver configured to interleave the deinterleaved signal. 27. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said data channel estimation apparatus further comprises: a decoder configured to decode the scalar information signal to provide a decoded signal; and an encoder configured to encode the decoded signal. 28. The apparatus of claim 19 further comprising delay means for introducing a delay into the pilot channel estimate to provide synchronization between the pilot channel estimate and the data channel estimate. 29. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said channel estimate combiner is a weighted-average combiner. 30. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said channel estimate combiner is a weighted-average combiner configured to provide the combined channel estimate in accordance with the following equations: RCOMB=X*RPILOT+(1-X)*RDATA ICOMB=X*IPILOT+(1-X)*IDATA wherein RCOMBand ICOMBare the real and imaginary components of the combined channel estimate, RPILOTand IPILOTare the real and imaginary components of the pilot channel estimate, RDATAand IDATAare the real and imaginary components of the data channel estimate, and X is a scaling factor. 31. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said weighted-average combiner is configured to use a value of X that is based on a ratio of a gain used to transmit the pilot signal over a gain used to transmit said first data-carrying signal. 32. The apparatus of claim 30 further comprising a control processor configured to provide X to said weighted-average combiner. 33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein said control processor is configured to adjust said X based on a data rate of the first data-carrying signal. 34. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein said control processor is configured to adjust said X based on a frame quality metric of the first data-carrying signal. 35. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said pilot channel estimation apparatus comprises a filter for filtering the information signal to provide the pilot channel estimate. 36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein said pilot channel estimation apparatus comprises a mixer for multiplying the information signal by a reference pilot code. 37. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said data channel estimation apparatus comprises: a dot product module configured to multiply the information signal with the pilot channel estimate to provide a scalar information signal; a decoder configured to decode the scalar information signal to provide a decoded signal; an encoder configured to encode the decoded signal to provide an ideal representation of the first data-carrying signal; and a mixer for multiplying the information signal by the ideal representation to provide the data channel estimate. 38. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said data channel estimation apparatus further comprises: a deinterleaver configured to deinterleave the scalar information signal; and an interleaver configured to interleave the ideal representation. for acquiring a frame-synchronizing signal from the demodulated I and Q symbol-stream data; received-signal-phase rotation angle detecting means for detecting a phase rotation angle (R(3)) of I and Q symbol-stream data output from the demodulating means against the transmission side; and antiphase rotating means (7) for antiphase-rotating a phase of I and Q symbol-stream data output from the demodulating means by a phase rotation angle (R(3)) detected by the received-signal-phase rotation angle detecting means so that the carrier-wave regenerating means of the demodulating means has phase error tables (13, 14-1, and 15-1 to 15-4) storing carrier-wave phase error data (Δφ(8)) for various demodulated I and Q symbol-stream data sets for each modulation system, reads phase error data corresponding to the demodulated I and Q symbol-stream data from a phase error table of a corresponding modulation system while the demodulating means demodulates a certain modulation-system portion upon normal reception, and corrects a phase of a carrier wave; wherein said apparatus is characterized in that said received-signal phase-rotation-angle detecting means (8A, 8B, 8C, or 8D) include phase-error-data reading means (16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D) for reading high-order bits (Δφ(3) and (Δφ'(3)) for judging whether the absolute value of a phase error is larger or smaller than (π/8)+s·(π/4) (s is 0 or 1) or π/8 among phase error data corresponding to the demodulated I and Q symbol-stream data from a phase error table (15-1 to 15-4 or 14-1, 14-2) for BPSK modulation of the carrier-wave regenerating means (10A, 10B, 10C or 10D) and discriminating means (92 or 92B) for discriminating a phase rotation angle of a symbol portion corresponding to bit (0) (or bit (1)) of a frame-synchronizing signal against the transmission side in I and Q symbol-stream data output from demodulating means (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, or 1F) in accordance with the sign bit data (i(1) and i'(1)) of I (or Q) symbol-stream data of a portion corresponding to bit (0) (or bit (1)) of a frame-synchronizing signal acquired by the frame-synchronizing-signal acquiring means in demodulated I and Q symbol-stream data (I(8) or Q(8)) and phase error data (Δφ(8) or (Δφ'(8)) read by the phase error data reading means correspondingly to the portion and outputting a discrimination result (R(3)). 2. A receiver for receiving a signal to be PSK-modulated obtained by time-multiplexing a BPSK-modulated frame-synchronizing signal and a digital signal modulated by a predetermined modulation system, from a transmitter, said receiver comprising: demodulating means for demodulating the signal to be PSK-modulated and generating I and Q symbol-stream data (I(8) and Q(8)); frame-synchronizing-signal acquiring means (2) for acquiring a frame-synchronizing signal from the I and Q symbol-stream data; received-signal-phase rotation angle detecting means for detecting a phase difference between I and Q symbol-stream data to the transmitter side; and antiphase rotating means (7) for inversely-rotating a phase of I and Q symbol-stream data by a phase difference (R(3)) detected by the received-signal-phase rotation angle detecting means to generate I and Q symbol-stream data (I'(8) and Q'(8)) in which a transmitter-side phase angle coincides with a receiver-side phase angle so that said demodulating means includes carrier-wave regenerating means for regenerating a carrier wave used to perform demodulation, and said carrier-wave regenerating means has phase error tables (13, 14-1, and 15-1 to 15-4) for storing carrier-wave phase error data (φ(8)) corresponding to I and Q symbol-stream data generated by the demodulating means and generates a carrier wave synchronizing with a carrier wave used for the transmitter side in accordance with the carrier-wave phase error data (Δφ(8)), wherein said received-signal-phase rotation angle detecting means (8A, 8B, 8C, or 8D) detect the phase difference in a
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (8)
Kowal Jan Casimir,GBX ; Blond Andre N.,GBX, Airflow measurement device.
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