초록 ▼

The present invention is directed to apparatus and method for cathode-side disposal of water in an electrochemical fuel cell. There is a cathode plate. Within a surface of the plate is a flow field comprised of interdigitated channels. During operation of the fuel cell, cathode gas flows by convecti

The present invention is directed to apparatus and method for cathode-side disposal of water in an electrochemical fuel cell. There is a cathode plate. Within a surface of the plate is a flow field comprised of interdigitated channels. During operation of the fuel cell, cathode gas flows by convection through a gas diffusion layer above the flow field. Positioned at points adjacent to the flow field are one or more porous gas block mediums that have pores sized such that water is sipped off to the outside of the flow field by capillary flow and cathode gas is blocked from flowing through the medium. On the other surface of the plate is a channel in fluid communication with each porous gas block mediums. The method for water disposal in a fuel cell comprises installing the cathode plate assemblies at the cathode sides of the stack of fuel cells and manifolding the single water channel of each of the cathode plate assemblies to the coolant flow that feeds coolant plates in the stack.

대표청구항 ▼

The present invention is directed to apparatus and method for cathode-side disposal of water in an electrochemical fuel cell. There is a cathode plate. Within a surface of the plate is a flow field comprised of interdigitated channels. During operation of the fuel cell, cathode gas flows by convecti

The present invention is directed to apparatus and method for cathode-side disposal of water in an electrochemical fuel cell. There is a cathode plate. Within a surface of the plate is a flow field comprised of interdigitated channels. During operation of the fuel cell, cathode gas flows by convection through a gas diffusion layer above the flow field. Positioned at points adjacent to the flow field are one or more porous gas block mediums that have pores sized such that water is sipped off to the outside of the flow field by capillary flow and cathode gas is blocked from flowing through the medium. On the other surface of the plate is a channel in fluid communication with each porous gas block mediums. The method for water disposal in a fuel cell comprises installing the cathode plate assemblies at the cathode sides of the stack of fuel cells and manifolding the single water channel of each of the cathode plate assemblies to the coolant flow that feeds coolant plates in the stack. 6, 19930700, Chang; US-5252467, 19931000, Chang; US-5254671, 19931000, Chang; US-5260416, 19931100, Chang; US-5262296, 19931100, Ogawa et al.; US-5274075, 19931200, Chang; US-5288477, 19940200, Bacus; US-5292867, 19940300, Chang; US-5342924, 19940800, Chang; US-5359046, 19941000, Capon et al.; US-5362643, 19941100, Chang; US-5367060, 19941100, Vandlen et al.; US-5399670, 19950300, Bhattacharya et al.; US-5401638, 19950300, Carney et al.; US-5410025, 19950400, Moller et al.; US-5420251, 19950500, Chang et al.; US-5422258, 19950600, Chang; US-5428133, 19950600, Chang; US-5464751, 19951100, Greene et al.; US-5480968, 19960100, Kraus et al.; US-5514554, 19960500, Bacus; US-5571894, 19961100, Wels et al.; US-5578482, 19961100, Lippman et al.; US-5580856, 19961200, Prestrelski et al.; US-5587458, 19961200, King et al.; US-5589167, 19961200, Cleland et al.; US-5604107, 19970200, Carney et al.; US-5608038, 19970300, Eibl et al.; US-5641869, 19970600, Vandlen et al.; US-5654403, 19970800, Smith et al.; US-5663144, 19970900, Greene et al.; US-5677171, 19971000, Hudziak et al.; US-5705157, 19980100, Greene; US-5720937, 19980200, Hudziak et al.; US-5720954, 19980200, Hudziak et al.; US-5725856, 19980300, Hudziak et al.; US-5726023, 19980300, Cheever et al.; US-5728687, 19980300, Bissery; US-5747261, 19980500, King et al.; US-5763409, 19980600, Bayol et al.; US-5770195, 19980600, Hudziak et al.; US-5772997, 19980600, Hudziak et al.; US-5776427, 19980700, Thorpe et al.; US-5783186, 19980700, Arakawa et al.; US-5792838, 19980800, Smith et al.; US-5801005, 19980900, Cheever et al.; US-5821337, 19981000, Carter et al.; US-5824311, 19981000, Greene et al.; US-5834229, 19981100, Vandlen et al.; US-5837243, 19981100, Deo et al.; US-5837523, 19981100, Greene et al.; US-5840525, 19981100, Vandlen et al.; US-5846538, 19981200, Cheever et al.; US-5849700, 19981200, Sorensen et al.; US-5856110, 19990100, Vandlen et al.; US-5859206, 19990100, Vandlen et al.; US-5869445, 19990200, Cheever et al.; US-5876712, 19990300, Cheever et al.; US-5877305, 19990300, Huston et al.; US-5908835, 19990600, Bissery; US-5910486, 19990600, Curiel et al.; US-5922845, 19990700, Deo et al.; US-5939531, 19990800, Wels et al.; US-5942210, 19990800, Ultee et al.; US-5945098, 19990800, Sarno et al.; US-5965709, 19991000, Presta et al.; US-5977322, 19991100, Marks et al.; US-5985553, 19991100, King et al.; US-6015567, 20000100, Hudziak et al.; US-6028059, 20000200, Curiel et al.; US-6054297, 20000400, Carter et al.; US-6054561, 20000400, Ring; US-6080429, 20000600, Cleland et al.; US-6123939, 20000900, Shawver et al.; US-6165464, 20001200, Hudziak et al.; US-6267958, 20010700, Andya et al. aid discrete elements are individually patterned. 7. A security substrate as defined in claim 3 wherein said opaque layer is formed of aluminum having a reflectance greater than 90% and an optical density in the range of from about 2.0 to 3.0. 8. A security substrate as defined in claim 2 wherein said optically variable thin film multilayer includes one or more dielectric film layers of low refractive index and a semi-transparent, medium reflective layer overlying said one or more dielectric film layers. 9. A security substrate as defined in claim 8 wherein said one or more dielectric film layers is selected from the group consisting of SiO2,MgF2,Al2O3,and acrylate based organic compounds and wherein said medium reflective layer is selected from the group consisting of semi-transparent metals and semi-transparent alloys. 10. A security substrate as defined in claim 9 wherein said semi-transparent metals include aluminum and wherein said semi-transparent alloys include Ni/Cr/Fe. 11. A security substrate as defined in claim 1 wherein said laminate includes generally transparent outer layers on opposite sides of said core layer and wherein said security substrate further includes opacifying coatings on said outer layers, at least one window being formed in one of said opacifying coatings that is in at a location corresponding to said at least one interference filter. 12. A security substrate as defined in claim 11 wherein windows are formed in both opacifying coatings that are at locations corresponding to said at least one interference filter. 13. A security substrate as defined in claim 2 wherein said core layer is formed of oriented polypropylene and wherein said outer layer is formed of high-density polyethylene. 14. A security substrate as defined in claim 11 in the form of a banknote. 15. A security substrate for a document of value comprising: a laminate having a generally transparent balanced biaxially oriented core layer, said core layer being oriented in at least a first direction at an orientation ratio of at least 4:1 and oriented in a second direction substantially normal to the first direction at an orientation ratio of at least 6:1; generally transparent imbalanced biaxially oriented outer layers on opposite sides of said core layer, said outer layers being oriented in at least a first direction to a degree which is at least three times less than the degree of orientation present in a second direction substantially normal to the first direction; and a laminating adhesive resin securing the outer layers to the core layer so that the first directions of orientation of the outer layers are substantially aligned; at least one optically variable device embedded within the laminate between said core layer and one of said cover layers, the at least one optically variable device having a highly reflective opaque layer on a surface of said core layer and an optically variable thin film multilayer overlying at least a portion of the opaque layer; and opacifying coatings on said outer layers, at least one window being formed in at least one of said opacifying coatings that is at a location corresponding to said at least one optically variable device. 16. A security substrate as defined in claim 15 in the form of a banknote. 17. A security substrate as defined in claim 16 wherein said opaque layer is patterned on said core layer. 18. A security substrate as defined in claim 17 wherein said opaque layer is formed of aluminum having a reflectance greater than 90% and an optical density in the range of from about 2.0 to 3.0. 19. A security substrate as defined in claim 18 wherein said optically variable thin film multilayer includes one or more dielectric film layers of low refractive index and a semi-transparent, medium reflective layer overlying said one or more dielectric film layers. 20. A security substrate as defined in claim 18 wherein said one or more dielectric film laye