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A charge air cooler for internal-combustion engines, having at least two cooling circulations which are guided through heat exchanger blocks which are connected behind one another in the flow direction of the air and have different coolant temperatures. At least the heat transfer block provided as t

A charge air cooler for internal-combustion engines, having at least two cooling circulations which are guided through heat exchanger blocks which are connected behind one another in the flow direction of the air and have different coolant temperatures. At least the heat transfer block provided as the first heat transfer block in the flow direction of the air is produced of a more erosion-resistant and temperature-stable material than the heat transfer block which fallow and is situated in la high-temperature coolant circuit in which the coolant temperature is selected to be as high as possible.

대표청구항 ▼

A charge air cooler for internal-combustion engines, having at least two cooling circulations which are guided through heat exchanger blocks which are connected behind one another in the flow direction of the air and have different coolant temperatures. At least the heat transfer block provided as t

A charge air cooler for internal-combustion engines, having at least two cooling circulations which are guided through heat exchanger blocks which are connected behind one another in the flow direction of the air and have different coolant temperatures. At least the heat transfer block provided as the first heat transfer block in the flow direction of the air is produced of a more erosion-resistant and temperature-stable material than the heat transfer block which fallow and is situated in la high-temperature coolant circuit in which the coolant temperature is selected to be as high as possible. The knock control apparatus for an engine as in claim 7, wherein the final determining means determines an occurrence of knock when both of the knock determining means determine an occurrence of knock. 10. A knock control apparatus for an engine, said apparatus comprising: a knock sensor that detects engine knock; a plurality of knock determining means for determining an occurrence of engine knock, the determining means utilizing different processes for determining the occurrence of knock based on a knock sensor signal; final determining means for determining an occurrence of knock based on determinations of the plurality of determining means; and ignition timing control means for controlling ignition timing based on the determination of the final determining means; wherein the plurality of knock determining means includes: statistical knock determining means for determining an occurrence of knock by utilizing a statistical process that processes the sensor signal; and frequency analyzing knock determining means for determining an occurrence of knock by utilizing a frequency analyzing process that processes the sensor signal. 11. The knock control apparatus for an engine as in claim 10, wherein the final determining means determines an occurrence of knock when both of the knock determining means determine an occurrence of knock. 12. A knock control apparatus for an engine, said apparatus comprising: a knock sensor that detects engine knock; a plurality of knock determining means for determining an occurrence of engine knock, the determining means utilizing different processes for determining the occurrence of knock based on a knock sensor signal; final determining means for determining an occurrence of knock based on determinations of the plurality of determining means; and ignition timing control means for controlling ignition timing based on the determination of the final determining means; wherein the plurality of knock determining means includes: waveform knock determining means for determining an occurrence of knock based on a waveform characteristic of the sensor signal; and frequency analyzing knock determining means for determining an occurrence of knock by utilizing a frequency analyzing process that processes the sensor signal. 13. A knock control apparatus for an engine, said apparatus comprising: a knock sensor that detects engine knock; a plurality of knock determining means for determining an occurrence of engine knock, the determining means utilizing different processes for determining the occurrence of knock based on a knock sensor signal; final determining means for determining an occurrence of knock based on determinations of the plurality of determining means; and ignition timing control means for controlling ignition timing based on the determination of the final determining means; wherein the plurality of knock determining means includes: statistical knock determining means for determining an occurrence of knock by utilizing a statistical process that processes the sensor signal; waveform knock determining means for determining an occurrence of knock based on a waveform characteristic of the sensor signal; and frequency analyzing knock determining means for determining an occurrence of knock by utilizing a frequency analyzing process that processes the sensor signal, and wherein the final determining means determines the occurrence of knock based on at least two determinations of the plurality of knock determining means. 14. The knock control apparatus for an engine as in claim 13, wherein the final determining means determines an occurrence of knock, when the statistical knock determining means determines an occurrence of knock, and the waveform knock determining means and/or the frequency analyzing knock determining means determines an occurrence of knock. 15. A knock control apparatus for an engine, said apparatus comprising: a knock sensor that detects engin