초록 ▼

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus comprises a first filter for measuring a pressure field at a first axial location along the pipe and providing a first pressure signal indicative of the vortical pressure field. The apparatus further comprises a second filter for me

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus comprises a first filter for measuring a pressure field at a first axial location along the pipe and providing a first pressure signal indicative of the vortical pressure field. The apparatus further comprises a second filter for measuring the vortical pressure field at a second axial location along the pipe and providing a second pressure signal indicative of the vortical pressure field. The apparatus further comprises a signal processor, responsive to the first and the second pressure signals, which provides a velocity signal indicative of a velocity of the vortical pressure field moving in the pipe.

대표청구항 ▼

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus comprises a first filter for measuring a pressure field at a first axial location along the pipe and providing a first pressure signal indicative of the vortical pressure field. The apparatus further comprises a second filter for me

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus comprises a first filter for measuring a pressure field at a first axial location along the pipe and providing a first pressure signal indicative of the vortical pressure field. The apparatus further comprises a second filter for measuring the vortical pressure field at a second axial location along the pipe and providing a second pressure signal indicative of the vortical pressure field. The apparatus further comprises a signal processor, responsive to the first and the second pressure signals, which provides a velocity signal indicative of a velocity of the vortical pressure field moving in the pipe. l.; US-4974818, 19901200, Kato; US-5431061, 19950700, Bertelsen et al., 073/852 ee; US-5031460, 19910700, Kanenobu; US-5040415, 19910800, Barkhoudarian; US-5051922, 19910900, Toral; US-5058437, 19911000, Chaumont; US-5083452, 19920100, Hope; US-5099697, 19920300, Agar; US-5115670, 19920500, Shen; US-5152181, 19921000, Lew; US-5207107, 19930500, Wolf; US-5218197, 19930600, Carroll; US-5317576, 19940500, Leonberger; US-5321991, 19940600, Kalotay; US-5347873, 19940900, Vander Heyden; US-5361130, 19941100, Kersey; US-5363342, 19941100, Layton; US-5367911, 19941100, Jewell; US-5372046, 19941200, Kleven; US-5398542, 19950300, Vasbinder; US-5401956, 19950300, Dunphy; US-5426297, 19950600, Dunphy; US-5440932, 19950800, Wareham; US-5493390, 19960200, Varasi; US-5493512, 19960200, Peube; US-5513913, 19960500, Ball; US-5564832, 19961000, Ball; US-5576497, 19961100, Vignos; US-5591922, 19970100, Segeral; US-5597961, 19970100, Marrelli; US-5639667, 19970600, Heslot; US-5642098, 19970600, Santa Maria; US-5644093, 19970700, Wright; US-5654551, 19970800, Watt; US-5670720, 19970900, Clark; US-5680489, 19971000, Kersey; US-5689540, 19971100, Stephenson; US-5708211, 19980100, Jepson; US-5730219, 19980300, Tubel; US-5732776, 19980300, Tubel; US-5741980, 19980400, Hill; US-5803167, 19980900, Bussear; US-5804713, 19980900, Kluth; US-5842347, 19981200, Kinder; US-5845033, 19981200, Berthold; US-5906238, 19990500, Carmody; US-5907104, 19990500, Cage; US-5908990, 19990600, Cummings; US-5925821, 19990700, Bousquet; US-5925879, 19990700, Hay; US-5939643, 19990800, Oertel; US-5956132, 19990900, Donzier; US-5959547, 19990900, Tubel; US-5963880, 19991000, Smith; US-5975204, 19991100, Tubel; US-5992519, 19991100, Ramakrishnan; US-5996690, 19991200, Shaw; US-6002985, 19991200, Stephenson; US-6003383, 19991200, Zielinska; US-6003385, 19991200, De Vanssay; US-6009216, 19991200, Pruett; US-6016702, 20000100, Maron; US-6158288, 20001200, Smith; US-6216532, 20010400, Stephenson; US-6233374, 20010500, Ogle; US-6279660, 20010800, Hay; US-6354147, 20020300, Gysling que for Moisture Content Determination in Single Soybean Seeds", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 38(1), pp. 79-84, Feb., 1989. Kraszewski, A.W., et al., "Moisture Content Determination in Single Corn Kernels by Microwave Resonator Techniques", Journal Agric. Engng. Res., vol. 48, pp. 77-87, 1991. McLendon, B.D., et al., "Density-Independent Microwave Measurement of Moisture Content in Static and Flowing Grain", American Society of Agricultural Engineers, vol. 36(3), pp. 827-835, May-Jun., 1993. Trabelsi, S., et al., "Universal Microwave Moisture Sensor for Granular Materials", ASAE Annual International Meeting 2000, Paper No. 003061. Trabelsi, S., et al., "A Unified Calibration Method for Moisture Sensing in Particulate Materials", Reprinted from the Collection of Papers at the Third Workshop on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances, Athens, GA, Apr. 11-13, 1999, pp. 178-183. Kraszewski, A.W., et al., "Determination of Moisture Content and Bulk Density of Shelled corn by Measurement of Microwave Parameters", J. Agric. Engng. Res., vol. 58, pp. 37-46, 1994. Kent, M., et al., "Microwave Moisture and Density Measurements in Particulate Solids", Trans. Inst. M.C., 8(3), pp. 161-168, Jul.-Sep. 1986. Trabelsi, S. et al., "Density-and Structure-Independent Calibration Method for Microwave Moisture Determination in Granular Methods", IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium Digest, vol. 3, pp. 1958-1961, 1999. Kraszewski, A.W., et al., "Moisture Content Determination In Single Peanut Kernels with a Microwave Resonator", Peanut Sciences, vol. 20, pp. 27-31, 1993. Trabelsi, S., et al., "Dielectric Calibration Methods for Industrial Microwave Sensors", Second World Congress on Microwave & Radio Frequency Processing (Meeting Guide MWP-DP- 07), Apr. 2-6, 2000. Nelson, S.O., et al., "Advances in Sensing Grain Moisture Content by Microwave Measurements", Transactions of the ASAE, vol. 41(2), pp. 483-487, 1998. Trabelsi, S., et al., "Nondestructive Microwave Characterization for Determining the Bulk Density and Moisture Content of Shelled Corn", Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 9, pp. 1548-1556, 1998. Kraszewski, A.W., et al., "Wheat Permittivity Measurements in Free Space", International Microwave Power Institute, vol. 31(3), pp. 135-141, 1996. Trabelsi, S., et al., "Microwave Dielectric Properties of Shelled, Yellow-Dent Field Corn", J. Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, vol. 32(3), pp. 188-194, 1997. Trabelsi, S., et al., "Density-Independent Functions for On-Line Microwave Moisture Meters: A General Discussion", Meas. Sci Technol., vol. 9, pp. 570-578, 1998. Kraszewski, A.W., et al., "Density-Independent Moisture Determination in Wheat by Microwave Measurement", approved for publication by Food and Process Engineering Inst. of ASAE In Feb. 1991, pp. 1-8. Kraszewski, A.W., et al., "Comparison of Density-Independent Expressions for Moisture Content Determination in Wheat at Microwave Frequencies", J. Agric. Engng. Res., vol. 71, pp. 227-237, Article No. ag980320, 1998. Nelson, S.O., et al., "Grain Moisture Content Determination by Microwave Measurements", Transactions of the ASAE, vol. 33(4), pp. 1303-1307, Jul.-Aug., 1990. Kraszewski, A.W., et al., "Simple Grain Moisture Content Determination from Microwave Measurements", Transactions of the ASAE, vol. 41(1), pp. 129-134, 1998. Nelson, S.O., "Non-Destructive Radio-Frequency and Microwave Measurement of Moisture Content in Agricultural Commodities", Postharvest News and Information, vol. 5(1), pp. 7N-10N, 1994. Nelson, S.O., et al., "Advances in Sensing Grain Moisture Content by Microwave Measurements", Transactions of the ASAE, vol. 41(2), pp. 483-487, 1998. Kupfer, K., "Possibilities and Limitations of Density-Independent Moisture Measurements with Microwaves", School of Architecture and Building, Weimar, Germany, Chapter 21, pp. 313-327. Trabelsi, S., et al., "New Density-Independent Calibr ation Function for Microwave Sensing of Moisture Content in Particulate Materials", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 47(3), pp. 613-622, Jun. 1998. ticulate components includes analyzing for hydrocarbons, water, hydroxyls, oxides, sulfates, coking and viscosity. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the steps of analyzing the liquid for particulate components and analyzing the liquid for non-particulate components include determining particle count, particle count distribution, particle count concentration, particle count composition, particle count shape, compound evaluation for coking, oxidation, nitration, sulfate, alkanes and moisture, particle type composition, particle size, and particle shape. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of analyzing the liquid for non-particulate components comprises at least one chemical analysis method selected from the group consisting of infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, wet chemical analysis, atomic emission spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the liquid for particulate components comprises at least one particle analysis method selected from the group consisting of optical microscopy, laser extinction, ferrography, particle counting, and metal heat treatment. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined particulate characteristics profile include at least one member selected from the group consisting of techtites, rubbing particles, sliding particles, cutting particles, rolling contact particles, ferrous oxides, carbonaceous particles, filming particles, paper, fiber, cellulosics, dirt, sand, and tempered metals. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining an indication of the operating condition of the electrical equipment comprises: comparing the particulate profile to a standardized particulate profile. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical equipment is an electric power transfer device. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical equipment is selected from the group consisting of transformers, load tap changers, tap changers, circuit breakers, off-load tap changers, on-load tap changers, switches, x-ray machines, and electric discharge machines. xis. 6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, further comprising means for sensing the height of said payoff line, said means for sensing being in contact with said means for engaging and said means for vertically displacing said coil, wherein as said outside diameter of said coil decreases as said material is paid off therefrom, said means for engaging trips said means for sensing to activate said means for vertically displacing to maintain a common payoff height within a predetermined tolerance range. 7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein said means for feeding comprises: an inlet passage; an outlet passage downstream of said inlet passage, said outlet passage establishing a pass line to said machine; and means for adjusting the height of said pass line. 8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said means for vertically displacing said coil vertically adjusts the height of said coil to correlate said payoff line with adjustments made to the height of said pass line. 9. An apparatus for dekinking a kinked portion of material from a coil of said material, wherein said material is paid off from said coil to a machine downstream of said apparatus, said apparatus comprising: independently displaceable upper and lower rolls positioned downstream of said coil, material flowing therebetween; means for pivoting said independently displaceable upper and lower rolls, said pivoting means pivoting said independently displaceable upper and lower rolls about a common axis; and means for driving said independently displaceable upper and lower rolls relatively one another to straighten out said kinked portion of material therebetween. 10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said means for pivoting further comprises: a frame; a plurality of structural members pivotably mounted to said frame; a plurality of hydraulic cylinders pivotably mounted to and between a downstream portion of said frame and said plurality of structural members. 11. An apparatus for handling a coil of material, said material being paid off from said coil to a machine downstream of said apparatus, said coil having an inside diameter and an outside diameter, said apparatus comprising: an expandable mandrel; means for supporting and uncoiling said coil from said expandable mandrel; a payoff roll pivotally mounted between said expandable mandrel and said machine, said payoff roll engaging an outside surface of said material on said coil of material in direct contact to establish a payoff line at a predetermined angle between said payoff roll and said machine; and means for displacing said coil along a single axis to substantially maintain the angle of said payoff line, between said payoff roll and said machine downstream of said coil. 12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said means for supporting said coil comprises: a horizontally traversing frame; and an expandable mandrel vertically moveably mounted thereto. 13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said means for vertically displacing and said means for supporting comprise: a vertical slide; a subframe slidably mounted to said vertical slide; at least one powered screw threaded into a portion of said subframe for vertically displacing said subframe; and an expandable mandrel rotatably mounted to said subframe. 14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11 further comprising means for pivoting said payoff roll, said pivoting means having a pivot axis. 15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 14, further comprising means for sensing the height of said payoff line, said means for sensing being in contact with said means for engaging and said means for vertically displacing said coil, wherein as said outside diameter of said coil decreases as said material is paid off therefrom, said means for engaging trips said means for sensing to activate said means for vertically displacing to maintain a common payoff height within a predetermined tolerance