초록 ▼

The invention relates to a gas analyzer comprising a measuring volume (6) for a sample gas mixture (G), a radiation source (1) for providing a beam (20) of electromagnetic radiation to pass said measuring volume, a heat sink (4) for said radiation source, at least one thermopile detector (9), at lea

The invention relates to a gas analyzer comprising a measuring volume (6) for a sample gas mixture (G), a radiation source (1) for providing a beam (20) of electromagnetic radiation to pass said measuring volume, a heat sink (4) for said radiation source, at least one thermopile detector (9), at least one optical bandpass filter (10), electrical contact pins (12) for signal(s) in the housing of said detector, a thermal mass formed of a material having high thermal conductance. Said thermal mass has a cavity (21) and an outer surface (22), surrounding at least said detector housing in the cavity, being in contact with said detector housing, and extending towards the radiation source. There is a thermal barrier between the heat sink (4) and the thermal mass (8, 16). The gas analyzer further comprises electrical wires (15), which are composed of materials and having dimensions producing an overall thermal conductance substantially lower than that of said electrical contact pins. Said wires are connected with the electrical contact pins either directly or indirectly, and enclosed in the thermal mass together with said detector housing(s), and extend from the cavity through the thermal mass (8, 16) to the outside thereof.

대표청구항 ▼

The invention relates to a gas analyzer comprising a measuring volume (6) for a sample gas mixture (G), a radiation source (1) for providing a beam (20) of electromagnetic radiation to pass said measuring volume, a heat sink (4) for said radiation source, at least one thermopile detector (9), at lea

The invention relates to a gas analyzer comprising a measuring volume (6) for a sample gas mixture (G), a radiation source (1) for providing a beam (20) of electromagnetic radiation to pass said measuring volume, a heat sink (4) for said radiation source, at least one thermopile detector (9), at least one optical bandpass filter (10), electrical contact pins (12) for signal(s) in the housing of said detector, a thermal mass formed of a material having high thermal conductance. Said thermal mass has a cavity (21) and an outer surface (22), surrounding at least said detector housing in the cavity, being in contact with said detector housing, and extending towards the radiation source. There is a thermal barrier between the heat sink (4) and the thermal mass (8, 16). The gas analyzer further comprises electrical wires (15), which are composed of materials and having dimensions producing an overall thermal conductance substantially lower than that of said electrical contact pins. Said wires are connected with the electrical contact pins either directly or indirectly, and enclosed in the thermal mass together with said detector housing(s), and extend from the cavity through the thermal mass (8, 16) to the outside thereof. d Automation, pp. 25-44, May 2, 1993. Snow et al., "Model-X Force-Reflecting-Hand-Controller," NT Control No. MPO-17851; JPL Case No. 5348, pp. 1-4, Jun. 15, 1989. Ouh-Young, "Force Display in Molecular Docking," Order No. 9034744, p. 1-369, 1990. Tadros, Control System Design for a Three Degree of Freedom Virtual Environment Simulator Using Motor/Brake Pair Actuators, MIT Archive.COPYRGT. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pp. 1-88, Feb. 1990. Caldwell et al., "Enhanced Tactile Feedback (Tele-Traction) Using a Multi-Functional Sensory System," 1050-4729/93, pp. 955-960, 1993. Adelstein, "Design and Implementation of a Force Reflecting Manipulandum for Manual Control research," DSC-vol. 42, Advances in Robotics, Edited by H. Kazerooni, pp. 1-12, 1992. Gotow et al., "Controlled Impedance Test Apparatus for Studying Human Interpretation of Kinesthetic Feedback," WA11-11:00, pp. 332-337. Stanley et al., "Computer Simulation of Interacting Dynamic Mechanical Systems Using Distributed Memory Parallel Processors," DSV-vol. 42, Advances in Robotics, pp. 55-61, ASME 1992. Russo, "Controlling Dissipative Magnetic Particle Brakes in Force Reflective Devices," DSC-vol. 42, Advances in Robotics, pp. 63-70, ASME 1992. Kontarinis et al., "Display of High-Frequency Tactile Information to Teleoperators," Telemanipulator Technology and Space Telerobotics, Won S. Kim, Editor, Proc. SPIE vol. 2057, pp. 40-50, Sep. 7-9, 1993. Patrick et al., "Design and Testing of A Non-reactive, Fingertip, Tactile Display for Interaction with Remote Environments," Cooperative Intelligent Robotics in Space, Rui J. deFigueiredo et al., Editor, Proc. SPIE vol. 1387, pp. 215-222, 1990. Adelstein, "A Virtual Environment System For The Study of Human Arm Tremor," Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Jun. 1989. Bejczy, "Sensors, Controls, and Man-Machine Interface for Advanced Teleoperation," Science, vol. 208, No. 4450, pp. 1327-1335, 1980. Bejczy, "Generalization of Bilateral Force-Reflecting Control of Manipulators," Proceedings Of Fourth CISM-IFToMM, Sep. 8-12, 1981. McAffee, "Teleoperator Subsystem/Telerobot Demonsdtrator: Force Reflecting Hand Controller Equipment Manual," JPL D-5172, pp. 1-50, A1-A36, B1-B5, C1-C36, Jan. 1988. Minsky, "Computational Haptics: The Sandpaper System for Synthesizing Textue for a Force-Feedback Display," Ph.D. Dissertation, MIT, Jun. 1995. Jacobsen et al., "High Performance, Dextrous Telerobotic Manipulator With Force Reflection," Intervention/ROV '91 Conference & Exposition, Hollywood, Florida, May 21-23, 1991. Shimoga, "Finger Force and Touch Feedback Issues in Dexterous Telemanipulation," Proceedings of Fourth Annual Conference on Intelligent Robotic Systems for Space Exploration, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Sep. 30-Oct. 1, 1992. IBM Technical Disclosure Bullein, "Mouse Ball-Actuating Device With Force and Tactile Feedback," vol. 32, No. 9B, Feb. 1990. Terry et al., "Tactile Feedback In A Computer Mouse," Proceedings of Fourteenth Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, University of New Hampshire, Mar. 10-11, 1988. Howe, "A Force-Reflecting Teleoperated Hand System for the Study of Tactile Sensing in Precision Manipulation," Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Nice, France, May 1992. Eberhardt et al., "OMAR--A Haptic display for speech perception by deaf and def-blind individuals," IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, Seattle, WA, Sep. 18-22, 1993. Rabinowitz et al., "Multidimensional tactile displays: Identification of vibratory intensity, frequency, and contractor area," Journal of The Accoustical Society of America, vol. 82, No. 4, Oct. 1987. Bejczy, "Kinesthetic Coupling Between Operator and Remote Manipulator," International Computer Technology Conference, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, Aug. 12-15, 1980. Bejczy et al., "A Laboratory Breadboard System For Dual-Arm Teleopera